社会排斥对集体和个人项目运动员合作和个人认知表现的影响  

Effects of Social Exclusion on Individual and Team Sports Athletes’Cooperative and Individual Cognitive Performance

作　　者：朱敬熹 李佑发 张禹 林睿 李杰[2,3] Zhu Jingxi;Li Youfa;Zhang Yu;Lin Rui;Li Jie(Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100091,China;Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders,The Affiliated Hospital,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;Institutes of Psychological Sciences,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;School of Psychology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Dongshan Center of Zhangzhou Demonstrative and Comprehensive Practice Base,Dongshan 363400,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100091 [2]杭州师范大学附属医院认知与脑疾病研究中心 [3]杭州师范大学心理科学研究院 [4]北京体育大学心理学院 [5]福建省漳州市示范性综合实践基地东山中心

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2023年第8期630-637,共8页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

摘　　要：目的:检验社会排斥感对集体项目和个人项目运动员合作认知和个人认知表现的影响。方法:招募44名集体项目运动员和40名个人项目运动员,随机分为社会排斥干预组和控制组,社会排斥干预组通过回忆情境排斥任务诱发运动员的社会排斥感。两组均测量合作动机,并采用双人合作多目标追踪任务,全面评价运动员的合作认知和个人认知表现。结果:双因素方差分析结果显示,1)合作认知表现:社会排斥干预组和控制组的团队分数[F(1,38)=7.189,P=0.011,η_(p)^(2)=0.163]及团队交集正确追踪个数[F(1,38)=7.699,P=0.009,η_(p)^(2)=0.172]均存在显著性差异;个人项目运动员和集体项目运动员的团队分数[F(1,38)=4.911,P=0.033,η_(p)^(2)=0.117]和团队正确追踪个数[F(1,38)=8.689,P=0.003,η_(p)^(2)=0.190]存在显著差异;2)个人认知表现:社会排斥干预组和控制组的个人分数[F(1,80)=2.879,P=0.094,η_(p)^(2)=0.035]及个人正确追踪个数[F(1,80)=0.188,P=0.666,η_(p)^(2)=0.002]均不存在显著性差异,个人项目运动员和集体项目运动员的个人分数[F(1,80)=6.045,P=0.016,η_(p)^(2)=0.070]及个人正确追踪个数[F(1,80)=4.604,P=0.035,η_(p)^(2)=0.054]均存在显著性差异。结论:社会排斥会降低运动员的合作认知行为,但不影响运动员个人的多目标追踪能力;个人多目标追踪表现与其团队绩效之间存在正向相关关系;相较于个人项目,集体项目运动员具备更强的多目标追踪能力,其团队合作认知表现更好。Objective To explore the impact of social exclusion on cooperation and individual cogni⁃tion of athletes participating in team or individual sports.Methods A total of 44 team-sports athletes and 40 individual sports ones were recruited and randomly assigned to a social exclusion intervention group or a control group.The former group experienced a sense of social exclusion by recalling previ⁃ous events in which he/she was socially excluded in their training and daily life.Cooperative motiva⁃tion was measured in both groups,and their cooperation and individual cognition were assessed using a two-person cooperative multiple-object tracking task.Results According to a two-way ANOVA,signif⁃icant differences were found in team scores of cooperation[(1,37)=7.189,P=0.011,η_(p)^(2)=0.163]and the number of correct team intersection tracking[F(1,37)=7.699,P=0.009,η_(p)^(2)=0.172]between the so⁃cial exclusion and control groups,as well as between individual and team-sports athletes[F(1,37)=4.911,P=0.033,η_(p)^(2)=0.117;F(1,37)=8.689,P=0.003,η_(p)^(2)=0.190].As far as the individual cognition was concerned,no significant differences were detected in individual scores[F(1,80)=2.879,P=0.094,η_(p)^(2)=0.035]or the number of correct tracking[F(1,80)=0.188,P=0.666,η_(p)^(2)=0.002]between the social exclusion and control groups.However,significant differences were found correspondingly[F(1,80)=6.045,P=0.016,η_(p)^(2)=0.070;F(1,80)=4.604,P=0.035,η_(p)^(2)=0.054]between individual and team sports athletes.Conclusions Social exclusion can lower athletes’cooperative and cognitive perfor⁃mance without affecting their multiple-object tracking ability.Moreover,there is a positive correlation between individual and team multiple-object tracking performance.The team-sports athletes are superi⁃or to individual ones in their multiple-object tracking performance,as well as the cooperative and cog⁃nitive performance.

关 键 词：社会排斥 合作认知 多目标追踪 运动员 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]