基于逆向法的变轨距列车踏面优化设计  

Optimization of Variable Gauge Train Wheel Treads Based on Reverse Design Method

作　　者：张笑 池茂儒[1] 谢雨辰 王欢声 蔡吴斌 代亮成[1] ZHANG Xiao;CHI Maoru;XIE Yuchen;WANG Huansheng;CAI Wubin;DAI Liangcheng(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,610031)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2023年第22期2746-2757,共12页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U21A20168)。

摘　　要：通过研究中俄变轨距列车动力学问题发现,一种车轮踏面可能无法适配多种轨道,可能造成低锥度晃车、临界速度降低、磨耗性能变差等问题。为此,基于轮轨接触关系、车辆动力学理论、车轮型面逆向设计递推算法,提出了匹配多种钢轨的均良化踏面设计方法,并在此基础上对LMA踏面进行优化,得到LMAopt踏面,LMAopt踏面匹配P65钢轨等效锥度从0.026提高至0.04,匹配CHN60钢轨等效锥度维持在0.038,保留了匹配两种钢轨交错的接触区,有利于减轻凹磨。LMAopt踏面与俄罗斯P65钢轨匹配时,低锥度晃车现象得到有效抑制,横向平稳性指标明显得到改善,车辆临界速度提高22%;LMAopt踏面与中国标准CHN60钢轨匹配时,其动力学性能与LMA踏面处于同一水平。在两种钢轨共同作用下,LMAopt的磨耗性能也有所改善,可以确保车辆服役周期内的动力学性能。综上,LMAopt踏面是更适合变轨距列车应用的优化踏面。According to the research of the dynamics of Chinese-Russian variable-gauge trains,it was found that a single wheel tread might not be suitable for multiple types of rails,resulting in issues such as low conicity shaking,low critical speed,and poor wear performance.Based on the wheel-rail contact relationship,vehicle dynamics theory,and a reverse design recursive algorithm for wheel treads,a method for designing balanced and adaptable wheel treads for multiple types of steel rails was proposed.Based on this approach,the LMAopt wheel tread was obtained by optimizing the LMA treads.When the LMAopt treads were matched with Russian P65 steel rail,the low conicity shaking phenomenon is effectively suppressed,lateral ride index is improved,and the critical speed of the vehicle is increased by 22%.When matched with Chinese CHN60 steel rail,the dynamics performance is comparable to the LMA tead.The wear performance of the LMAopt profile under the influences of both types of steel rails is also improved,ensuring better dynamics performance throughout the service life of the vehicles.In conclusion,the LMAopt tread is a more suitable optimized wheel tread for variable-gauge trains.

关 键 词：车轮踏面逆向设计 变轨距列车 车辆系统动力学 轮轨接触关系 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程]