王阳明的合一性思维及其旨趣  

Wang Yangming's Unity-Thinking and Its Purport

作　　者：朱承[1] Zhu Cheng

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所暨哲学系

出　　处：《哲学研究》2023年第10期65-74,F0003,共11页Philosophical Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国传统文化中的人类命运共同体价值观基础研究”(编号21JZD018)的阶段性成果;江苏省“公民道德与社会风尚协同创新中心”智库建设项目研究的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：合一性是王阳明哲学思维最为突出的特质之一。无论是在对于世界本质的总体把握上,还是在对认知与行动、不同修养工夫、人与天地万物等之间关系的理解上,王阳明哲学都呈现出了合一性的思维特质。这既是心学思维的简约与高妙之展现,更反映了王阳明对人与世界之间不断扩大的分裂性的深切忧患。由此观之,“心理合一”意味着从内在心体来理解世界的普遍一致性,以“心”统“殊”来弥合人心与外在世界的分裂;“知行合一”意味着从意念与行动的一体化来理解人类道德,以此连接道德认知与道德行动之间的脱节;“只是一个工夫”意味着只有将不同修养工夫统一到“良知之悟”,才可能避免形式繁多的修养工夫流入支离;“天地万物为一体”意味着从整体一元来理解人与世界的应然状态,以此消除不同个体的孤立性存在状态。王阳明的合一性思维对于在多样性、分化性的世界中寻找同一性、一致性的理论致思,具有积极的思想资源价值。Unity is one of the most prominent characteristics of Wang Yangming's philosophical thinking.Whether in this overall grasp on the nature of the world,or in his understanding of the relationship between cognition and action,between different cultivation efforts,as well as between the mankind and the world,Wang Yangming's philosophy presented the feature of unity of thinking.This not only offers a simple and sublime display of mind thinking,but also reflects Wang Yangming's deep anxiety about an ever-expanding division between human and the world.From this point of view,"Unity of Mind and Reason"means to comprehend the universal consistency of the world from the inner"mind and body",and to bridge the division between the human heart and the external world through "a unification of specifics by the mind".Moreover,by"Unity of Knowledge and Action",Wang Yangming means to understand human morality in terms of the integration of thought and action so as to diminish the distance between moral cognition and moral action.Last but not the least,"Only one Gongfu"conveys the following message that only by unifying different cultivation efforts into""Understanding of Conscience"can a fragmentation of various forms of cultivation be effectively prevented,whereas"All Things are Integrated"invites us to conceive the state of human and the world from the perspective of a holistic one-ness,so that an isolation in the existence of different individuals can be eliminated.Wang Yangming's Unity-thinking provides a resource of positive value to theoretical explorations which seek the identity and consistency in a diverse and highly differentiated world.

关 键 词：王阳明 合一性 分裂性 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]