青海毛驴肌肉营养成分分析  

Analysis of Muscle Nutrient Composition of Qinghai Donkey

作　　者：谢太凤 孙玉江[1,2] 艾德强 郭荣[1] 张国梁[1] 潘庆杰[1] 官却扎西 周佰成 陈永伟 刘书琴 XIE Taifeng;SUN Yujiang;AI Deqiang;GUO Rong;ZHANG Guoliang;PAN Qingjie;GUANQUE Zhaxi;ZHOU Baicheng;CHEN Yongwei;LIU Shuqin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Dongying Vocational College,Dongying 257091,China;Qinghai Provincial Animal Husbandry Station,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Sheep Breeding Promotion Service Center,Gangcha 812300,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学动物科技学院,山东青岛266109 [2]东营职业学院,山东东营257091 [3]青海省畜牧总站,青海西宁810008 [4]青海省种羊繁育推广服务中心,青海刚察812300

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期249-256,共8页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：青海省“青海毛驴肉品质和分子遗传结构检测”合作项目;山东省现代农业产业技术体系驴创新团队建设专项基金(SDAIT-27);校高层次人才科研基金(20210021)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究不同性别青海毛驴三个部位肌肉常规营养成分(水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分)、脂肪酸和游离氨基酸的含量及差异。选取8头(5公3母)成年健康的青海毛驴进行屠宰,取背最长肌、前腿和后腿肌肉进行营养成分测定,分析各营养成分在不同部位和性别间存在的差异并进行营养价值评价。结果表明:公母驴背最长肌、前腿、后腿肌肉的水分、粗蛋白和灰分含量在同性别不同部位间差异不显著(P>0.05),公驴背最长肌粗脂肪含量显著高于前腿和后腿(P<0.05),母驴背最长肌和后腿粗脂肪含量显著高于前腿(P<0.05)。公驴的后腿粗蛋白含量显著高于母驴(P<0.05),而后腿粗脂肪含量显著低于母驴(P<0.05)。公驴肌肉中的L-赖氨酸、L-色氨酸、羟基-L-脯氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-丝氨酸、乙醇胺、顺-13,16-二十二碳二烯酸(C22:2)、酸味氨基酸和总游离氨基酸含量显著高于母驴(P<0.05)。公母驴肌肉的必需脂肪酸比率分别达到36.19%±4.09%、26.13%±2.26%,不饱和脂肪酸比率均高于72%。公母驴肌肉必需氨基酸比率分别为9.28%±1.04%、6.80%±1.31%,甜味氨基酸比率分别为47.65%±3.04%、52.63%±4.48%,鲜味氨基酸比率分别为41.60%±3.86%、46.85%±5.98%。公驴和母驴的背最长肌、前腿及后腿蛋白营养相当;公驴背最长肌风味优于前腿和后腿风味,母驴背最长肌和后腿风味优于前腿风味。青海毛驴肌肉中粗蛋白含量高、不饱和脂肪酸比率高、脂肪酸比例平衡、游离氨基酸种类丰富、甜味氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸比率高,具有较好的风味和较高的营养价值。The purpose of the experiment was to study the content and differences of conventional nutrient components(moisture,crude protein,crude fat,ash),fatty acids and free amino acids in the muscles of three parts of Qinghai donkeys of different genders.Eight Qinghai healthy donkeys(5 males and 3 females)were selected for slaughter,and the muscles of longissimus dorsi,front leg and hind leg were taken to determine the nutritional components.Meanwhile,the differences in the nutritional components in different parts and genders were analyzed and the nutritional value was evaluated.The results showed that the moisture,crude protein and ash content of the muscles on the longissimus dorsi,front legs and hind legs of male and female donkeys were not significantly different between different parts of the same gender(P>0.05)However,the crude fat content on longissimus dorsi of male donkeys was significantly higher than that of front leg and hind leg(P<0.05),and the crude fat content on longissimus dorsi and hind leg of female donkeys was higher than the level of front leg(P<0.05).The crude protein content of hind legs of male donkeys was significantly higher than that of female donkeys(P<0.05),while the crude fat content of hind legs of male donkeys was significantly lower than that of female donkeys(P<0.05).The content of L-lysine,L-tryptophan,hydroxy-L-proline,L-proline,L-serine,ethanolamine,C22:2,sour amino acid and total free amino acid were significantly higher than those of female donkeys(P<0.05).The ratios of essential fatty acids in the muscles of male and female donkeys were 36.19%±4.09% and 26.13%±2.26%,respectively,and the ratios of unsaturated fatty acids were all higher than 72%.The ratios of essential amino acid in the muscles of male and female donkeys were 9.28%±1.04%,6.80%±1.31%respectively,the ratios of sweet amino acids were 47.65%±3.04%,52.63%±4.48%,and the ratios of umami amino acids were 41.60%±3.86%,46.85%±5.98%.The protein nutrition of the longissimus dorsi,front legs and hind legs of male donke

关 键 词：青海毛驴 肌肉 营养成分 脂肪酸 游离氨基酸 

分 类 号：S822[农业科学—畜牧学]