稻米质量安全风险评估和预警技术研究进展  

Advances in Risk Assessment and Early Warning Techniques of Rice Quality and Safety

作　　者：王寅 王会来 林晓燕[2,3] 关美艳 陈铭学 曹珍珍[2,3] WANG Yin;WANG Hui-lai;LIN Xiao-yan;GUAN Mei-yan;CHEN Ming-xue;CAO Zhen-zhen(Liandu District Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Lishui,Zhejiang 323007,China;Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310006,China;Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Rice Products(Hangzhou),Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]丽水市莲都区农业农村局,浙江丽水323007 [2]中国水稻研究所农业农村部稻米及制品质量监督检验测试中心,浙江杭州310006 [3]农业农村部稻米产品质量安全风险评估实验室(杭州),浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《粮油食品科技》2023年第6期35-42,共8页Science and Technology of Cereals,Oils and Foods

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2023C02014);国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP20210103);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202303);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01)。

摘　　要：稻米质量安全是国家粮食安全和社会稳定的重要基础。近年来,稻米重金属、农药残留和真菌毒素污染等问题发生,影响了我国稻米产业健康发展,也引发消费者对稻米质量安全状况的关注和担忧。开展稻米质量安全风险评估和预警技术研究,不仅可为政府制定稻米质量安全标准、技术法规提供重要依据,而且能及时发现和预防稻米质量安全风险,是目前稻米质量安全控制的重要发展方向。本文分析了影响我国稻米质量安全的主要危害因素和可能来源,包括重金属、农药残留和真菌毒素等,并针对国内外农产品质量安全风险评估和安全预警体系,梳理了我国稻米质量安全风险评估技术,包括危害识别、危害特征描述、暴露评估、风险特征描述等,总结了收获前、收获后和全程预警方法,以期为稻米质量安全科学监管和污染控制提供参考。Rice quality and safety is important for achieving national food security and social stability.Rice has been contaminated with heavy metals,pesticide residues,and fungal toxins,which has affected the healthy development of China's rice industry and raised public concerns about the quality and safety of rice.Studies on risk assessment and early warning techniques for rice quality and safety can not only contribute to formulating rice-related policies,regulations and standards,but also can timely identify and prevent the potential risks,which have become an important field in rice quality and safety control.In this article,the main hazards including heavy metals,pesticide residues,and fungal toxins in rice and their possible sources were analyzed.Moreover,rice risk assessment techniques including hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization,as well as rice early warning technologies including pre-harvest warning,post-harvest warning and whole course warning were summarized,aiming to provide reference for scientific supervision and effective control of hazards in rice.

关 键 词：稻米 质量安全 污染物 风险评估 蒙特卡罗模拟 预警技术 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学] S-3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]