赵元任“那级单位”的分布形态阐释  

The distributed morphology approach to“that basic unit”proposed by Zhao Yuanren

作　　者：张智义[1] Zhang Zhiyi(Foreign Languages and Cultures Institute,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期149-155,共7页Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“赵元任语言思想研究”(21YYB005)。

摘　　要：语素是语言的起始单位,汉语的字是单音节语素,字是汉语的起始单位之一。而对汉语句子的基本结构,学界却有不同观点。字本位观认为,汉语句子的基本结构就是字,但是将字定为汉语句子基本结构有诸多困难。赵元任先生较早提出应该努力在字级单位之上探寻作为构成句子基本结构,但赵先生对“那级单位”的本质属性并未明确界定。本研究基于分布形态学,认为对汉语而言,合并了定类语素的字或字的组合是构成句子基本结构的“那级单位”,汉语“那级单位”有五种类型;英语类似,也只有合并了定类语素的词才是构成句子的基本结构,英语“那级单位”有四种类型。Morpheme is the fundamental unit of language and Chinese character is monosyllabic morpheme,and thus Chinese characters can be considered one of the fundamental units of Chinese language.The linguistic study disputes as for“that basic unit”of Chinese sentences.The theory of character as basic unit deems that Chinese character constitutes“that basic unit”of Chinese sentence however this theory poses many challenges to linguistics.Zhao Yuanren proposed“that basic unit”of Chinese sentences beyond character level should be further explored yet he himself failed to clarify the essential features of“that basic unit”.Based on distributed morphology,the present study deems that only those characters or character combination which merge the lexical morpheme can be considered“that basic unit”of Chinese sentence and can be subcategorized into five types.Likewise,only those words which merge the lexical morpheme can be considered“that basic unit”of English sentence and can be subcategorized into four types.

关 键 词：“那级单位” 字本位 分布形态 定类语素 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]