基于锤击试验的钢轨扣件动刚度矩阵的测定  

Determination of Dynamic Stiffness Matrices of Rail Fasteners Based on Hammering Test

作　　者：孙海波 圣小珍 何光辉 岳松涛 SUN Haibo;SHENG Xiaozhen;HE Guanghui;YUE Songtao(School of Urban Rail Transit,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Vibration and Noise Control Technologies for Rail Transit,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620 [2]上海工程技术大学上海市轨道交通振动与噪声控制技术工程研究中心,上海201620

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2023年第6期282-288,共7页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金高铁联合基金项目(U1834201)。

摘　　要：根据扣件与钢轨的相互作用和力系简化理论,定义扣件的动刚度矩阵,并基于锤击试验提出一个确定该矩阵的试验方法。首先把一段很短的钢轨按照现场情况安装在轨枕上,并视钢轨为刚体。然后用力锤在特定位置和方向激励钢轨,同时测量锤击力和钢轨特定位置的响应,得到相应的频率响应函数。接着根据动量定理和动量矩定理在频域中建立钢轨的运动方程。最后从这些方程中解出扣件的动刚度矩阵。运用所建立的方法,测试我国高速铁路无砟轨道常用的WJ-8B扣件的动刚度矩阵。结果表明:提出的方法简单易行,且结果具有很好的重复性;扣件各动刚度的绝对值总体上都随频率的增长呈现上升的趋势,但在扣件系统的特征频率上会出现低谷或峰值,表现出明显的模态特征;在多数频率,平动动刚度的绝对值要远大于转动动刚度,且以垂向动刚度最大。Dynamic stiffness matrices are defined for rail fasteners based on rail-fastener interaction and the theory of force system simplification,and a hammering test-based method is proposed to determine the matrices.According to the method,firstly,a short section of rail is installed on a sleeper,which looks the same way as in-situ,and the rail is assumed to be rigid.Then,an instrumented hammer is used to excite the rail at pre-selected points and directions and the impact forces and the corresponding responses of the rail at pre-selected points are measured and used to produce frequency response functions(FRFs)for the rail-fastener system.Afterwards,with these FRFs,the law of momentum and the law of momentum torque are applied to the rail to establish equations of motion in the frequency domain.Finally,the dynamic stiffness matrices are worked out from these equations of motion.The proposed method is applied to determine the dynamic stiffness matrices of the WJ-8B fasteners which are widely used in domestic high-speed railway tracks.Results show that,the method is easy to use and has good repeatability;the dynamic stiffness of the fasteners increases,in general,with frequency,but the characteristic frequency of the fastener system may cause a dip or peak to the stiffness,showing obvious modal characteristics;at most frequencies,the magnitude of the translational dynamic stiffness is much larger than that of the rotational dynamic stiffness,with the vertical dynamic stiffness being the largest.

关 键 词：振动与波 高速铁路 扣件 动刚度 动态特性 锤击法 

分 类 号：U211.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]