论莫斯《礼物》的原创性思维  

On the Original Thinking of Moss’Gift

作　　者：朱炳祥[1] ZHU Bingxiang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院

出　　处：《湖北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期1-14,共14页Journal of Hubei Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重大项目“主体民族志”(14JHQ028)。

摘　　要：在《礼物》这部著名的具有开拓性的民族志作品中,莫斯将毛利人的“hau”解读为“礼物之灵”,这是一个历史性的“误释”。由此出发,经过一系列的语义再释与转换,莫斯“发明”了古式社会的一种“总体呈献体系”。在此基础上,莫斯试图“构建”一个由“礼物交换”形成的各联盟之间的“节制下的和平”机制,以实现他的社会政治理想与道德理想,并以此对现代西方社会的资本与商品社会展开反思性批判。这种“误释”“发明”“构建”显示了莫斯原创性思维的本质及其基本特征,它表现为民族志的本质并非“描述异文化”,而在于作为民族志者主体“创造”某种新的思想体系,这种思想体系所彰显的是学者用自己的社会理想进行社会改造的责任及愿望。In the famous and pioneering ethnographic work“The Gift”,Moss interprets the“hau”of the Maori people as the“spirit of the gift”,which is a historic“misinterpretation”.Starting from this,after a series of semantic reinterpretations and transformations,Moss“inventes”a“total presentation system”of ancient society.On the basis of this,Moss attemptes to“construct”a“moderate peace”mechanism between various alliances formed by“gift exchange”so as to achieve his social,political,and moral ideals and launch a reflective critique of the capital and commodity communities in modern Western society.The“misinterpretation”,“invention”,and“construction”of notes haved demonstrated the essence and basic characteristics of Moss’original thinking.It manifests that the essence of ethnography is not“describing different cultures”,but rather“creating”a new ideological system as the subject of ethnography,which highlights the responsibility and desire of scholars in social transformation with their own social ideals.

关 键 词：《礼物》 误释 发明 构建 原创性思维 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]