人工疏蕾对香菇定向出菇产量及品质的影响  

Effects of artificial bud thinning on the yield and quality of Lentinula edodes in directed fruiting

作　　者：王辛 朱姝蕊 刘凌云 吴邦仁 潘年港 李萌[1] 李长田[1] WANG Xin;ZHU Shurui;LIU Lingyun;WU Bangren;PAN Niangang;LI Meng;LI Changtian(Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Ministry of Education,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China;Lishui Economic Crops Station in Zhejiang Province,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118 [2]浙江省丽水市经济作物总站,浙江丽水323000

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2023年第11期4863-4875,共13页Microbiology China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000300)。

摘　　要：【背景】在香菇定向出菇模式中,由于出菇区域的限制,出菇数目会影响单菇的品质与产量,但关于人工疏蕾对香菇品质与产量的影响目前尚未深入研究。【目的】通过人工疏蕾探究香菇定向出菇技术下保留不同菇蕾数量对香菇产量及品质的影响。【方法】测定各处理组子实体产量、形态指标、质构特性及营养成分。【结果】保留10−20个菇蕾时,子实体性状好于其他组,单菇重为15.74−23.76 g,菌盖直径为45.98−52.37 mm。保留30个菇蕾时一潮菇单棒产量最高,达到368.9 g。从质构特性来看,人工疏蕾对菌柄的质构影响较小,随着菇蕾数目的增加,香菇菌盖的硬度、胶着性、回复性、咀嚼性呈现下降趋势,保留10−20个菇蕾数品质最好、质地最佳。保留10−20个菇蕾时可以获得粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸含量较高的香菇子实体。【结论】保留15−20个菇蕾的菌棒可以获得产量较高、品质较好的产品。保留10个菇蕾时虽然子实体品质最佳,但生物学效率较低,而且会增加一定的工作量。因此,保留15−20个菇蕾效益更好。[Background]In the directed fruiting mode,the number of fruiting bodies produced affects the quality and yield of individual fruiting bodies due to the limitation of the fruiting area.However,the effects of artificial bud thinning on the quality and yield of Lentinula edodes remain to be studied.[Objective]To reveal the effects of artificial bud thinning(retaining different number of fruiting body buds)on the yield and quality of L.edodes in directed fruiting.[Methods]The substrate utilization in each group was monitored.The morphological indexes,yield,and texture characteristics of fruiting bodies after harvest were measured.[Results]The group with 10–20 mushroom buds retained showed better agronomic traits than other groups,with a single fruiting body weight of 15.74–23.76 g and a cap diameter of 45.98−52.37 mm.The group with 30 mushroom buds retained had the highest yield(368.9 g)of first-batch mushrooms.Artificial bud thinning had little effect on the texture of the stalk.With the increase in the number of mushroom buds retained,the hardness,gluing,reversibility,and chewiness of the mushroom caps decreased.The group with 10–20 mushroom buds retained had the best quality and the best texture.Moreover,this group showed high crude protein,crude fat,and amino acid content in the fruiting body.[Conclusion]Retaining 15–20 mushroom buds in each bag can help to obtain high yield and quality.The mushroom quality is the best in the group with 10 buds retained,which,however,decreases the biological efficiency and increases the workload.Therefore,we suggest retaining 15–20 buds in each bag.

关 键 词：香菇 定向出菇 人工疏蕾 农艺性状 质构 营养成分 

分 类 号：S646.12[农业科学—蔬菜学]