Pre-autism:What a paediatrician should know about early diagnosis of autism  

作　　者：Mohammed Al-Beltagi 

机构地区：[1]Department of Pediatric,Faculty of Medicine,Tanta University,Tanta 31511,Algahrbia,Egypt [2]Department of Pediatric,University Medical Center,King Abdulla Medical City,Arabian Gulf University,Dr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group,Manama 26671,Manama,Bahrain

出　　处：《World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics》2023年第5期273-294,共22页世界临床儿科杂志

摘　　要：Autism,also known as an autism spectrum disorder,is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder usually diagnosed in the first three years of a child's life.A range of symptoms characterizes it and can be diagnosed at any age,including adolescence and adulthood.However,early diagnosis is crucial for effective management,prognosis,and care.Unfortunately,there are no established fetal,prenatal,or newborn screening programs for autism,making early detection difficult.This review aims to shed light on the early detection of autism prenatally,natally,and early in life,during a stage we call as“pre-autism”when typical symptoms are not yet apparent.Some fetal,neonatal,and infant biomarkers may predict an increased risk of autism in the coming baby.By developing a biomarker array,we can create an objective diagnostic tool to diagnose and rank the severity of autism for each patient.These biomarkers could be genetic,immunological,hormonal,metabolic,amino acids,acute phase reactants,neonatal brainstem function biophysical activity,behavioral profile,body measurements,or radiological markers.However,every biomarker has its accuracy and limitations.Several factors can make early detection of autism a real challenge.To improve early detection,we need to overcome various challenges,such as raising community awareness of early signs of autism,improving access to diagnostic tools,reducing the stigma attached to the diagnosis of autism,and addressing various culturally sensitive concepts related to the disorder.

关 键 词：AUTISM Pre-autism Biomarkers Autism spectrum disorder Biophysical profile NEURODEVELOPMENT ANTENATAL Neonatal 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]