先秦墨家“推类”思想与中国逻辑的内在特质  

The Mohist Thought of“Tuilei”in the Pre-Qin Period and the Inherent Characteristics of Chinese I ogic

作　　者：王加良[1] 胡怀亮[1] Wang Jialiang;Hu Huailiang(Department of Philosophy,Yunnan Normal University Yunnan 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2023年第5期71-79,共9页Science Economy Society

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“中国类范畴的演进与新发展”(17FZX002)。

摘　　要：按照传统观点,墨家的“推类”是一种类比推理,但这种观点存在一定的困境。从“推类”的推理结构看,墨家“推类”的“故”“理”“类”“辞”的推理结构并不是一种类比推理,“理”和“类”只是保证结论“辞”成立的一个共支撑条件,这个条件主要表现为类同准则,其中,类同准则的支撑强度决定了结论“辞”是真的、是可满足的或者是假的。墨家的这种逻辑思想具有意象性和非形式性,这也决定了中国逻辑思想的内在特质。According to the traditional point of view,Mohist's“Tuilei”is a kind of analogical reasoning,but there are some difficulties in this view.From the perspective of reasoning structure of“Tuilei”,the reasoning structure of“Gu”,“Li”,“Lei”and“Ci”of Mohist“Tuilei”is not a kind of analogical reasoning,“Li”and“Lei”are just a common supporting condition to ensure the conclusion“Ci”is tenable,which is mainly manifested as the Leitong criterion.Among them,the supporting strength of the Leitong criterion determines whether the conclusion“Ci”is true or not satisfied or false.This kind of logic thought of Mohist has imagery and non formality,which also determines the internal characteristics of Chinese logic thought.

关 键 词：先秦墨家 推类 结构 推理机制 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]