黄曲霉毒素降解技术研究及应用进展  

Research and Application Progress in Degradation of Aflatoxin

作　　者：李雨薇 吕家硕 于一凡 刘晓晖 刘成珍 LI Yuwei;LYU Jiashuo;YU Yifan;LIU Xiaohui;LIU Chengzhen(School of Life Sciences,Qingdao University,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学生命科学学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《生物技术进展》2023年第6期853-862,共10页Current Biotechnology

基　　金：山东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202211065054)。

摘　　要：黄曲霉毒素是由多种曲霉属真菌产生的强致癌物,在多种恶劣环境中有极高的稳定性,该毒素分布广泛,与人类和动物接触可能性较大,因此也被认为是人类和动物最重要的饮食风险因素之一。此外,在降解黄曲霉毒素的过程中仍有可能会产生其他有毒物质,加之某些降解技术可能会破坏营养物质的结构,从而降低产品质量。黄曲霉毒素污染问题给全球卫生体系和食品工业造成了巨大负担。尽管降解黄曲霉毒素的方法多种多样,但仍未能找出一种比较完美的方法解决黄曲霉毒素的污染问题,因此寻求一种高效安全的黄曲霉毒素降解技术成为当代科研工作者研究的热点。综述了黄曲霉毒素的致毒机理、常用的降解方法及其优缺点,系统总结了生物法和新型纳米材料在黄曲霉毒素降解中的研究进展。目前使用生物技术手段和新型纳米材料降解黄曲霉毒素有着较高的生物安全性和高效性,因而未来可将黄曲霉毒素新型降解方法的研究聚焦于此,期望为科研工作者进一步开发黄曲霉毒素的降解方法提供助力。Aflatoxins(AFTs)are potent carcinogens produced by multiple strains of the Aspergillus genus,which show extremely high stability in different harsh environments,so it is also considered to be one of the most important dietary risk factor for humans and animals.Furthermore,other toxic materials may also be generated in the degradation process of AFTs,and the degradation methods might destroy the structure of nutrients,and then decrease the quality of products ultimately.The contamination of aflatoxins places a huge burden on global health systems and the food industry.Although there are many ways to degrade aflatoxins,there is still no way to solve the problem of aflatoxins pollution perfectly,so searching for a technology which can eradicate aflatoxins effectively and safely has become a research hotspot for contemporary researchers.In this article,we summarized the mechanism of aflatoxin toxicity and reviewed several methods of AFTs degradation.We also summarized the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques,in which the research progress of using biological methods and nanomaterials to remove AFTs was recaptitulated systematically.At present,the use of biotechnological means and nanomaterials to degrade aflatoxins has commendable biosafety and efficiency,so the generation of new degradation techniques in the future might revolve around this.Therefore,this paper attempted to support researchers to develop new degradation methods of AFTs.

关 键 词：黄曲霉毒素 致毒机理 降解方法 生物安全 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学] TS205[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]