康有为:儒家脱离国家宗教  

Kang Youwei:The Unmaking of Alliance Between Confucianism and National Religion

作　　者：谢遐龄[1] Xie Xialing(Department of Socialogy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会学系,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期59-70,151,共13页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：古代中国的“王教”是政教一体的制度、组织、教化体系,即国家宗教。儒家不是宗教,经学是王道学,是国家宗教的阐释体系。儒家与国家宗教的结盟关系,始于董仲舒,终于康有为。康有为的著作和活动,宗教意义明显。他把儒学从王道学改造为神学,变“敬天法祖”为“敬天贬祖、尊孔”,取消“奉元”以孔诞纪元。在宗教体制方面,先就筹谋改变国家宗教,另立性质为制度性宗教的孔教,相关著作遭毁版;参与戊戌变法即争取皇帝支持推行宗教改革,未得响应;辛亥革命后成立孔教会,未有成效。虽然失败,但划时代意义是预告中国社会将由制度性宗教统领。In ancient China,wang jiao(kings religion)as a system of institution,organization and edification,combines politics and religion together,i.e.,national religion.Confucianism is not a religion;Confucian classics studies is a study of wang dao,an interpretation system of national religion.The alliance of Confucianism and national religion began from Dong Zhongshu,and ended at Kang Youwei.Kang Youweis works and activities have obvious religious significance.He transformed Confucianism from wang dao to theology,and“respecting the heaven and the ancestors”to“respecting the heaven and demeaning the ancestors,and respecting Confucius,”and he canceled“feng yuan,”making Confuciuss birth as beginning of an era.In terms of the religious system,he planned to change the national religion and establish Confucianism as an institutional religion.His related works were destroyed.Participating in the Reform Movement of 1898,Kang sought the emperors support for the implementation of religious reforms,but no response was received.After the Revolution of 1911,the Confucian Church was established,but no results were achieved.Although it failed,it has an epoch⁃making significance that Chinese society would be governed by institutional religion.

关 键 词：国家宗教 儒家 康有为 

分 类 号：B258[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B911