茶梗基缓释尿素的养分释放特征及应用效果研究  

Study on Nutrient Release Characteristics and Application Effect of Slow-release Fertilizer based on Tea Stalk

作　　者：刘盈盈 王未名 苏淑颖 张亭 薛志慧[1] 冉琴 冯俊乔 孙欢 黄冲 林东艺[1] LIU Yingying;WANGWeiming;SU Shuying;ZHANG Ting;XUE Zhihui;RAN Qin;FENG Junqiao;SUN Huan;HUANG Chong;LIN Dongyi(Anxi College of Tea Science of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Anxi 362406,China;Anxi County Federation of Trade Unions Staff Service Center,Anxi 362400,China;Xiamen Tea Import and Export Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学安溪茶学院,福建安溪362406 [2]安溪县总工会职工服务中心,福建安溪362400 [3]厦门茶叶进出口有限公司,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《中国茶叶》2023年第12期34-39,共6页China Tea

基　　金：2019年度省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT190123);安溪县科技计划项目(N〔2015〕0044)。

摘　　要：为获得一种低成本、性能优良、生物可降解的缓释肥料,以铁观音茶梗为原材料,按照不同配比加入尿素混合,采用挤压膨化法制备缓释肥料。采用扫描电镜分析缓释肥料的三维显微结构,并通过静水培养法和土柱淋溶法结合凯氏定氮法测定各处理组样品在静水及土柱中的养分释放特征。最后,通过玉米苗盆栽试验研究缓释肥料的应用效果。试验结果表明,自制缓释肥料相较于普通尿素肥料,养分释放速率明显降低,在较长时间后才完全释放,且茶梗比例越低,养分释放速率越高,说明茶梗形成的三维网格结构具有良好的养分释控效果。应用试验结果表明,施用3号缓释肥料(茶梗40%、尿素60%)最有利于玉米苗的生长。研究结果可为茶梗资源的综合利用提供新途径,以期实现茶废弃资源的绿色应用,为“碳达峰、碳中和”目标作出贡献。In order to obtain a low cost,good performance and biodegradable slow-release urea,the slow-release fertilizers were prepared by extrusion expansion method based on Tieguanyin tea stalks and mixed with urea in different ratios.Then,the three-dimensional microstructure of the slow-release fertilizer was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the nutrient release characteristics of samples in hydrostatic water and soil column were determined by hydrostatic incubation method and soil column leaching method combined with Kjeldahl method.Finally,the application effect of slow-release fertilizer was studied by potting test of corn seedlings.Results showed that the nutrient release rate of self-9KLmade slow-release fertilizer was significantly lower than that of ordinary urea,and it took 24 h to fully release,and the lower the proportion of tea stems,the higher the nutrient release rate,which was indicated that the three-dimensional grid structure formed by tea stems had a good nutrient control-releasing performance.The application test results showed that the no.3 sustained-release fertilizer(tea stem 40%:urea 60%)is most beneficial to the growth of corn seedlings.The development of this project can provide a new way for the comprehensive utilization of tea stem resources,so as to realize the green application of tea waste resources and contribute to the goal of"carbon reaching peak and carbon neutral".

关 键 词：茶梗 茶废弃资源 生物可降解 缓释肥料 释控效果 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] S143[农业科学—作物学]