汉语发展性阅读障碍的语义加工缺陷:基本表征、发生机制与干预模式  

Semantic Processing Deficits in Chinese Developmental Dyslexia:Basic Representation,Occurrence Mechanism and Intervention Mode

作　　者：朱瑞 申仁洪[2,3] ZHU Rui;SHEN Renhong(School of Educational Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331;Chongqing Curriculum and Teaching Research Base,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331;Chongqing Vocational and Technical Teachers College,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学教育科学学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆师范大学重庆市课程与教学研究基地,重庆401331 [3]重庆师范大学重庆职业技术师范学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2023年第10期45-52,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：2022年重庆市语言文字科研重点项目“中文阅读障碍的生成机制及干预研究”(项目编号:yyk22103)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：阅读是一种复杂的认知过程,语义加工是阅读的核心组成部分,涉及对文字的意义进行理解和加工。语义加工缺陷作为汉语发展性阅读障碍的基本表征之一,与工作记忆、注意力和执行控制等认知因素,以及脑区、脑电解码活动和神经递质功能等神经生物学发生机制密切相关。已有研究表明,认知能力训练、阅读策略教学、多感官加工训练和神经调控技术干预对改善语义加工效果显著。未来可以从建立多维度量表、构建综合性研究模型、优化干预策略和发展信息化辅助技术干预四个方面予以创新,为汉语发展性阅读障碍者提供独特而有效的支持,提高他们的阅读能力和语义加工水平。Reading is a complex cognitive process,and semantic processing is the core component of reading,which involves the process of understanding and processing the meaning carried by words.As one of the basic representations of developmental dyslexia in Chinese,semantic processing deficits are closely related to cognitive factors such as working memory,attention and executive control,as well as neurobiological mechanisms of occurrence such as brain regions,electroencephalographic decoding activities and neurotransmitter functions.Previous studies have shown that cognitive ability training,reading strategy teaching,multisensory processing training,and neuromodulation technology intervention are significantly effective in improving semantic processing.In the future,innovations can be made from four aspects:establishing multidimensional scale,constructing comprehensive research model,optimizing intervention strategies and developing intervention-based assistive technology,so as to provide unique and effective support for patients and improve their reading ability and semantic processing.

关 键 词：汉语发展性阅读障碍 语义加工 基本表征 发生机制 干预模式 

分 类 号：H193[语言文字—汉语] G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]