我国跨学科研究生教育实践与交叉学科发展的格局构建——基于对一流大学建设高校跨学科单位的分析  

On the Practice of Interdisciplinary Graduate Education and Pattern Construction of Inter-discipline Development in China-Based on an Analysis of the Interdisciplinary Constructing Units at Higher Education Institutions Listed in the Project of Building World-Class Universities

作　　者：徐岚[1] 吴杏英 XU Lan;WU Xingying(Center for Higher Education Development,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005;Institute of Education,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心,厦门361005 [2]厦门大学教育研究院,厦门361005

出　　处：《大学与学科》2023年第3期21-40,共20页Universities and disciplines

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学一般课题“新文科建设背景下的跨学科研究生培养模式研究”(BIA210193)。

摘　　要：在国家政策支持下,学界涌起关于交叉学科发展与跨学科人才培养问题的研究热潮。本研究对42所一流大学建设高校的自主设置交叉学科及跨学科建设单位进行分析,发现我国研究生教育的跨学科实践基本满足交叉学科发展的实践需求,体现在奠定了“使能学科”的支撑地位、发挥了长距离跨学科的引领作用。各高校今后要以跨学科研究生教育实践为突破口,推动我国交叉学科实现非定格的动态发展;要根据自身定位明确瞄准战略前沿或服务地方经济的使命,在本科专业调整优化中体现跨学科人才培养目标定位的差异化;要改变向理工医一边倒的跨学科发展格局,在新文科建设中寻找人文社科与理工科长距离跨学科的机会;要侧重功能定位,聚焦以跨学科研究生培养为核心的课程体系和研究团队建设。With the support of national policies,there has been an upsurge of research on”cross-discipline development"and"interdisciplinary talent cultivation"in the academic community.Based on the analysis of the self-accredited inter-disciplines and their interdisciplinary constructing units at 42 universities listed in the project of building world-class universities,this study finds that the interdisciplinary practice of graduate education in China basically meets the practical needs of inter-discipline development,mainly reflected in the following aspects:the supporting position of"enabling disciplines"has been established,and the leading role of long-distance interdisciplinarity has been developed.In future,higher education institutions should use the practice of interdisciplinary graduate education as a breakthrough to promote dynamic development of inter-disciplines in China.They should position themselves to target the strategic forefront or serve the local economy,and differentiate interdisciplinary talent cultivation goals when adjusting and optimizing undergraduate majors;they should change the interdisciplinary development pattern of leaning towards science,engineering and medicine,and seek opportunities for long-distance interdisciplinarity among humanities,social sciences,and science and engineering in an effort of building new liberal arts;furthermore,they should put particular emphasis on functional positioning,and strive to develop the curriculum system and research teams that take interdisciplinary graduate cultivation as the core.

关 键 词：学科交叉 交叉学科 跨学科研究生培养 长距离跨学科 使能学科 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]