中国式教育现代化的国际方位:优势、短板与未来路向  

The International Dimension of Chinese Education Modernization:Strengths,Shortcomings and the Way Forward

作　　者：王中奎[1] 陈越洋 WANG Zhongkui;CHEN Yueyang(Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences,Lab for Educational Big Data and Policymaking,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 200032)

机构地区：[1]上海市教育科学研究院、教育部“教育大数据与教育决策”实验室,上海200032

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2023年第21期1-13,共13页Research in Educational Development

摘　　要：中国式教育现代化需要从横向国际比较中总揽全局。通过构建具有中国特色且国际实质等效可比的教育现代化指标体系,拟合教育现代化指数,分析中国式教育现代化的国际方位。研究发现,在以高收入国家为主体的51个国家中,我国教育现代化指数排名第17位。我国义务教育毛入学率、高校毕业生中STEM专业学生占比等指标指数排名第1位;高等教育留学生数占全球的比例、高中毛入学率、政府总支出中教育占比等指数排名处于前三分之一位次。但国家财政性教育经费支出占GDP比例、生均财政经费支出、劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限、高等教育毛入学率等指数排名处于相对靠后位次。对比中国式教育现代化国际坐标方位,在新的起点上,我国教育现代化发展要确保优先发展教育事业,适时提高教育投入;推进高中及高等教育更高水平普及,提升人力资源开发水平;逐步提高教师准入学历标准,切实增加教师工资收入;进一步丰富教育国际合作交流内涵,提升开放水平和国际影响力。Chinese education modernization requires an overview of the overall situation in the context of horizontal international comparison.By constructing an education modernization index system with Chinese characteristics and comparable international material equivalence,and fitting the education modernization index,we analyzed the international orientation of Chinese education modernization and find that China ranks 17th out of 51 countries,mainly high-income countries,in the education modernization index.The indexes of China's gross enrolment rate in compulsory education and the proportion of STEM majors among university graduates rank Ist;the indexes of the number of international students in higher education as a percentage of the world,the gross enrolment rate in high school and the proportion of education in total government expenditure rank in the top three quartiles.However,the ratio of national financial expenditure on education to GDP,the average financial expenditure per student,the average number of years of schooling for the working-age population and the gross enrolment rate of higher education ranked relatively low.Comparing the international coordinate orientation of Chinese-style education modernization,on the new starting point,China's education modernization development should ensure priority development of education and raise education investment in due course;promote a higher level of popularization of high school and higher education and enhance the level of human resources development;gradually raise the standard of teachers'entry qualifications and effectively increase teachers'salary and income;further enrich the connotation of international cooperation and exchange in education and enhance the level of openness and International influence.

关 键 词：中国式教育现代化 国际方位 未来路向 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]