种植模式对宁南山区土壤团聚体和微生物多样性的影响  

Impact of planting mode on soil aggregates and the microbial diversity in Ningnan mountainous areas

作　　者：陈国峰 姬强 王亚麒[1] 王锐 雷金银[2] 何进勤[2] CHEN Guo-feng;JI Qiang;WANG Ya-qi;WANG Rui;LEI Jin-yin;HE Jin-qin(Agricultural College of Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第9期59-67,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：十四五农业高质量发展与生态保护项目(NGSB-2021-11-05);农业基础性长期性科技工作观测监测(NAES091AE18)。

摘　　要：探究了施肥量与间作栽培下土壤环境因子对微生物多样性的影响,以期为宁南山区马铃薯连作障碍问题解决提供科学理论依据。试验采用裂区设计,主区为常规施肥和减量施肥,副区为马铃薯连作、马铃薯-玉米间作,测定了土壤理化性状与微生物多样性指标。结果表明,间作栽培使土壤全氮含量显著下降了9.21%~13.60%,有机质含量显著升高了7.00%~12.10%、有效磷含量显著升高了19.42%~32.40%,土壤中>0.25 mm粒级的水稳性团聚体(DR0.25)含量显著增加了9.88%~15.54%。测序结果表明,土壤细菌多样性指标(香农指数、辛普森指数)与丰富度指数(Chao1)处理间无显著差异。可操作分类单元(OTUs)共为63426个,门水平中优势菌门为放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门以及酸杆菌门。与马铃薯单作相比,间作模式显著提高了酸杆菌门的相对丰度,高肥力水平的土壤环境有助于酸杆菌门的相对丰度提高。酸杆菌门相对丰度与有效磷以及DR0.25呈显著正相关,放线菌门相对丰度水平与全氮呈显著正相关,与DR0.25、有效磷呈显著负相关。马铃薯间作玉米的土壤养分变化以及土壤环境的变化是驱动土壤细菌组成改变的主要因素,这两者间可能存在复杂反馈调控机制。试验结果表明,马铃薯-玉米1∶1间作栽培有助于研究区域土壤结构及肥力改善和微生物区系丰度的提升。This study explored the effects of fertilization amount and soil environmental factors on microbial diversity under intercropping,in order to provide a scientific theoretical basis for solving the problems of potato continuous cropping obstacles in the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia.The experiment adopted a split-plot design,the main plot was conventional fertilization and reduced fertilization,and the sub-plot was potato continuous cropping and potato-maize intercropping.Soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity indicators were determined.The results showed that intercropping significantly decreased soil total nitrogen content by 9.21%-13.60%,organic matter content significantly increased by 7.00%-12.10%,and available phosphorus content significantly increased by 19.42%-32.40%.The content of water-stable aggregates increased significantly by 9.88%-15.54%.The sequencing results showed that there was no significant difference between soil bacterial diversity indexes(Shannon index,Simpson index)and richness index(Chao1 index).There were 63426 operable taxonomic units(OTUs),and the dominant phyla at the phylum level were Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria.Compared with potato monocropping,the intercropping mode significantly increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria,and the soil environment with high fertility level contributed to the increase of the relative abundance of Acidobacteriaceae.The relative abundance of Acidobacteria was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus and DR0.25,the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen,and significantly negatively correlated with DR0.25 and available phosphorus.Soil nutrient changes and soil environment changes in potato and maize intercropping are the main factors driving the changes of bacterial composition in soil,and there may be a complex feedback regulation mechanism between them.The test results showed that the 1∶1 intercropping of pota

关 键 词：马铃薯 玉米 微生物多样性 土壤团聚体 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]