汉语儿童早期应答语的发展  

The Development of Chinese Children's Early Responses in Interactive Communication Mode

作　　者：李慧敏[1] 王磊奇 LI Huimin;WANG Leiqi

机构地区：[1]安徽大学文学院 [2]科大讯飞股份有限公司

出　　处：《当代语言学》2023年第6期917-934,共18页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“汉语儿童应答能力发展的认知研究”(16BYY070)的资助。

摘　　要：本文运用纵向个案研究、对比研究等方法,结合CHILDES转写系统、CLAN程序以及INCA-A系统考察汉语儿童一至三岁期间应答语的发展情况。本文发现,成人引发语为汉语儿童应答语提供了语法结构框架,儿童通过对成人引发语模仿、删除、扩展等句法操作完成应答,同时习得句法结构。成人利用特殊疑问句向儿童询问事物信息,儿童用陈述句回答是成人与三岁前儿童最常用的交流模式。早期成人多采用引起儿童注意的方式引导儿童参与对话。儿童在掌握与成人对话模式的过程中学习与练习的时间是错置的。“成人引发-儿童应答”的互动交流模式对汉语儿童早期应答语的习得具有重要的引导和促进作用。研究结论支持基于用法的语言习得理论。“意图解读”技能和“模式探究”技能对于语言习得至关重要。Using the methods of longitudinal case study and comparative study,combined with CHILDES transcription system,CLAN program and INCA-A system,this paper investigates the development of Chinese children's responses during the ages of 1 to 3.It is found that adult priming provides a grammatical structure framework for Chinese children's responses.Children complete their responses through syntactic operations such as imitation,deletion and expansion of adult priming,and acquire syntactic structure at the same time.Adults use wh-questions to ask children for information,and children use declarative sentences to answer,which is the most commonly used communication mode between adults and children before the age of 3.In the early stage,adults often guide children to participate in dialogues by way of attracting children's attention.In the process of mastering the dialogue mode,children's time of learning and practice is misplaced.The acquisition of children's responses involves both language comprehension and language output.Responses are generated in interactive conversation situations,with adult elicitation followed by child response.Children form common intentions and concerns with adults in daily life,and use pattern-finding skills to utilize direct experiences such as adult priming that repeatedly occur.By collaborating and interacting with adults,children acquire responses.The interactive communication mode of“adult elicitation-child response”plays an important role in guiding and promoting the acquisition of Chinese children's early responses.The conclusion supports the usage-based theory of language acquisition.The skills of“intention-reading”and“pattern-finding”are very important in language acquisition.

关 键 词：汉语儿童 应答语 语法 语用 互动交流 

分 类 号：H193.1[语言文字—汉语]