修辞读者和历史语境:《螺丝在拧紧》中鬼魂的模仿性和虚构性  

Rhetorical Audience and the Historical Context:The Mimetic and Synthetic Relationships in The Turn of the Screw

作　　者：田英杰 Tian Yingjie

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)外国语学院

出　　处：《英美文学研究论丛》2023年第2期230-242,共13页English and American Literary Studies

摘　　要：费伦认为,小说中鬼魂的模仿性和虚构性取决于作者所建构的“作者的读者”是否相信鬼魂,即若作者的读者相信鬼魂,鬼魂具有模仿性;若作者的读者不相信鬼魂,鬼魂则具有虚构性。在分析《螺丝在拧紧》时,费伦基于“实际读者”对该作品截然相反的解读,推导出文本中“隐含作者”詹姆斯的形象及其相对应的作者的读者,以此探讨故事中鬼魂的模仿性和虚构性。本文通过考察19世纪末实际读者的接受语境,重点关注当时流行的社会信仰对读者的影响,尝试进入“作者的读者”这一阅读位置,探明“隐含作者”的态度,并在此基础上修订费伦的结论。文章旨在说明,在探讨叙事的模仿性和虚构性成分间的关系时,必须考察与作者同时代的实际读者的接受语境。Phelan argues that ghosts can be either mimetic or synthetic depending on whether the author constructs an authorial audience that believes in ghosts.If the authorial audience believes in ghosts,ghosts are mimetic;if the authorial audience does not believe in ghosts,ghosts are synthetic or anti-mimetic.Phelan builds his analysis of the mimetic-synthetic relationships in The Turn of the Screw in the implied James and his corresponding authorial audience,whose images Phelan infers from the opposite readings of the tale by actual readers.This essay approaches the same issue by entering the reading position of the authorial audience in the tale for whose study the reception context of the actual readers in the late 19th century,specifically the popular beliefs at that time,constitutes the prerequisite.It proposes to revise Phelan's conclusion and aims to highlight and put special emphasis on the essentiality and validity of the reception context of actual historical readers in examining the authorial audience and the closely related mimetic-synthetic relationship in narrative.

关 键 词：叙述读者 作者的读者 语境 模仿性 虚构性 《螺丝在拧紧》 

分 类 号：I712.06[文学—其他各国文学]