俄罗斯推进“职业化教育”改革举措与逻辑思路  

The Reform Initiatives and Logical Thinking for the Advancement of"Professionalitet"in Russia

作　　者：马君 张冉 MA Jun;ZHANG Ran(Faculty of Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710062)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学部,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2023年第12期78-87,共10页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2023年度教育学一般项目“首批国家产教融合型企业建设追踪调查与成效评价研究”(项目编号:BJA230028)。

摘　　要：中等职业教育在俄罗斯经济社会发展和个人发展中越来越重要。为有效解决中等职业院校与企业的互动和合作不足以及缓解国家技术技能型人才短缺的问题,俄罗斯于2021年启动联邦项目“职业化教育”,以期大幅度提升职业教育人才培养质量。具体举措包括:重定招生指标方法,对接劳动力市场需求;创建地方产教中心,提供职业教育发展条件;引进技术设计方案,优化强化教育内容;加强不同教师培训,提升师资水平;重视管理人员培训,提升服务能力。该项目的逻辑思路为:做好顶层设计,驱动职业教育发展;重视师资培养,加强教师队伍建设;提供合作平台,促进资源信息整合;聚焦人才需求,实现供需对接;培训管理人员,营造良好环境。该项目的实施将对学生、院校、企业、地区等职业教育主体产生积极影响。Secondary vocational education is becoming increasingly important in the economic and social development of Russia and in the development of individuals.In order to effectively solve the problem of insufficient interaction and cooperation between secondary vocational education institutions and enterprises,as well as to alleviate the shortage of skilled personnel in the country,in 2021 Russia launched the federal project"Professionalitet"with a view to improving the quality of vocational education.Specific initiatives include:redefining the methodology of enrollment indicators to match the needs of the labor market;creating local industry and education centers to provide conditions for the development of vocational education;introducing technology to design programs to optimize and enhance educational content;strengthening the training of different teachers to upgrade their qualifications;and emphasizing training of managers to enhance service capacity.The logical thinking of the project is:providing a top-level design to drive the development of vocational education;emphasizing teacher training to strengthen the teaching force;providing a platform for cooperation to facilitate the integration of resource information;focusing on talent needs to match supply and demand;and training of managers to create a favorable environment.The program will have a positive effect on students,institutions,enterprises,and the region.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 中等职业教育 职业化教育 

分 类 号：G719.512[文化科学—职业技术教育学]