莱芜猪和杜长大猪盲肠和结肠微生物菌群结构组成和功能分析  

Analysis on the Structural Composition and Function of Bacterial Microbiota of Caecum and Colon in Laiwu and DLY pigs

作　　者：李超[1,2,3] 赵雪艳 王永军[4] 王彦平 任一帆 李菁璇[2,3] 王怀中 王继英 宋勤叶 LI Chao;ZHAO Xueyan;WANG Yongjun;WANG Yanping;REN Yifan;LI Jingxuan;WANG Huaizhong;WANG Jiying;SONG Qinye(College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of Ministry of Agricultral and Rural Affairs,Jinan 250100,China;Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物医学院,保定071000 [2]山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所山东省畜禽疫病防治与繁育重点实验室,济南250100 [3]农业农村部畜禽生物组学重点实验室,济南250100 [4]济南市动物疫病预防与控制中心,济南250000

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2023年第12期5033-5045,共13页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2020LZGC012,2019LZGC019);山东省现代农业产业技术体系生猪创新团队建设项目(SDAIT-08-03);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-35)。

摘　　要：旨在研究莱芜猪盲肠和结肠肠道微生物群落的结构组成、功能以及与杜长大猪的区别,为从肠道菌群层面深入理解莱芜猪高脂肪沉积、耐粗饲和抗逆等特性奠定基础。以12头莱芜猪和6头杜长大猪为试验动物,采用高通量测序技术测定盲肠和结肠微生物菌群16S rRNA V3-V4区序列,分析微生物菌群的组成、丰度和多样性,预测生物功能,通过对莱芜猪和杜长大猪菌群丰度比较分析、LEfSe物种差异判别分析、微生物菌属与背膘厚和血清生化指标相关性分析,鉴定影响莱芜猪品种特性的微生物菌属。结果发现:1)莱芜猪的背膘厚和血清总蛋白、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇等指标与杜长大猪存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。2)莱芜猪具有与杜长大猪不同的盲肠和结肠微生物菌群多样性和相对丰度,莱芜猪盲肠微生物菌群的Simpson指数显著高于杜长大猪(P<0.05),盲肠的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度显著低于杜长大猪(69.16%vs.89.59%,P<0.05)。3)盲肠和结肠中一些微生物菌属的丰度与背膘厚和部分血清生化指标具有显著相关性(P<0.05),且与这些表型指标相关的盲肠微生物菌属比结肠更多,相关系数也更高,表明盲肠微生物菌群对猪的表型起到了更大的作用。4)甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)和大肠杆菌-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、活泼瘤胃球菌([Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)等与脂肪沉积、耐粗饲和抗逆性强等有关,可能是影响莱芜猪特性的微生物菌属。本研究阐述了莱芜猪和杜长大猪盲肠和结肠微生物菌群特征,加深了肠道菌群对莱芜猪品种特性影响机理的了解,为地方猪肠道微生物资源的开发与利用奠定基础。This research aimed to study the differences in structural composition,function of caecum and colon bacterial microbiota between Laiwu pigs and Duroc×Landrace×Duroc(DLY)crossbred pigs,compare their difference between the two populations,and enrich in order to enrich the understanding of the characteristics,of Laiwu pigs,such as including fat deposition,roughage tolerance and strong stress resistance of Laiwu pigs from the pespective of gut microbiota.In this study,12 Laiwu pigs and 6 DLY pigs were used as experimental individuals.Bacterial V3-V4 region sequences of their caecum and colon were determined by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.The composition,abundance,diversity and predicted biological function of the bacterial microbiota were analyzed.Bacteria which affected the characteristics of Laiwu pigs were identified through abundance comparison analysis between Laiwu and DLY pigs,discriminant analysis of species differences in LEfSe,and the correlation analysis between the bacterial genera and backfat thickness and serum biochemical parameters.The results showed that:1)There were significant differences in backfat thickness,serum total protein,triglyceride,glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol between Laiwu and DLY pigs(P<0.05).2)Laiwu pigs have different bacterial diversity and relative abundance of cecal and colonic microbiota from DLY pigs.The cecal Simpson index of Laiwu pigs was significantly higher than that of DLY pigs(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Firmicutes of the caecum in Laiwu pigs was significantly lower than that of DLY pigs(69.16%vs.89.59%,P<0.05).3)The abundances of some bacterial genera of the caecum and colon were significantly correlated with backfat thickness and serum biochemical parameters(P<0.05).In addition,caecum had more bacterial genera related to these indicators and higher correlation coefficients than colon,indicating that bacterial microbiota of caecum may play a greater role in pig phenotype than those of colon.4)Methanobrevibacter,Fusobacterium,Escherichia

关 键 词：莱芜猪 16S rDNA高通量测序 微生物菌群 盲肠 结肠 

分 类 号：S828.89[农业科学—畜牧学] S813.1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]