儿童文学:成长小说的终结者抑或继承者  

Children's Literature:Terminator or Successor of Bildungsroman

作　　者：刘江[1] 张生珍 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学

出　　处：《外国语文研究（辑刊）》2023年第1期163-172,共10页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“《世界儿童文学百科全书》翻译及儿童文学批评史研究”(编号:19ZDA297)的部分成果。

摘　　要：成长小说与儿童文学既是拥有不同内涵和外延的两个文学概念,又是两类截然不同的文学类型。然而,在漫长的文学发展过程中,两者又相互交织、极为相似。本研究重点关注作为文学概念的“成长小说”和“儿童文学”间的关联,儿童文学既不是对成长小说的终结,亦不是全盘继承,而是对成长小说的发展。作为概念和文类的成长小说自出现以来,经历了复杂的发展历程。成长小说是启蒙运动的象征形式,勾勒出“理性进步”的宏大叙事,个人的成长以物质世界的发展为准则。后现代主义思潮否定了启蒙主义和现代主义对人整体性和崇高性的确认,质疑一切价值标准。由此,成长小说的发展遭遇危机。进入20世纪,处于文化场域边缘的儿童文学获得发声机会,儿童成长的多样性受到关注。20世纪后期迄今的儿童文学颠覆了传统成长小说中的权力结构,反抗主流文化对青年主人公的操控,真实再现了主人公的成长困境,突显儿童主人公的能动性和主导性。此外,儿童文学在叙事层面继承了成长小说的叙事模式,并发展了这一模式中的体裁形式和故事结尾,形成了独具特色的叙事范式。Bildungsroman and children's literature are different literary concepts with their respective connotations and denotations,and they signify distinct literary types.However,in the long history of literature development,they are intertwined and bear striking similarities.This study focuses on the relevance of children's literature to Bildungsroman as a literary concept.Children's literature is neither the terminator of Bildungsroman,nor the overall successor of Bildungesroman,but the development of the latter.Since its emergence,Bildungsroman as a literary concept and a genre has undergone a complex development.Bildungsroman is a symbolic form of the Enlightenment,outlining the grand narrative of“rational progress”,in which the growth of individuals is based primarily on the development of the material world.Postmodernism negates the confirmation of the wholeness and sublimity of human beings advocated by the Enlightenment and Modernism,questioning all stable values and principles.Hence,when the development of Bildungsroman encountered severe crisis,children's literature,which is on the edge of the cultural field,has the opportunity to speak out,and the diversity of children's growth began to be concerned since the twentieth century.Children's literature subverts the power structure of traditional Bildungsroman,resisting the manipulation of the mainstream culture on the young protagonists,but truly reproducing the protagonists'bewilderment and dilemma in growth,highlighting the agency of the children protagonist.Even though children's literature inherits Bildungsroman in terms of the narrative mode,it further develops the presenting form of this genre and the way how stories end,forming a unique literary paradigm.

关 键 词：成长小说 儿童文学 青春期 困境 权力 

分 类 号：I106.8[文学—世界文学]