基于基本解法的汽车消声器声学性能分析  

Acoustic performance analysis of automobile muffler based on basic solution

作　　者：张成鑫 王发杰 吴国正 程隋福 ZHANG Chengxin;WANG Fajie;WU Guozheng;CHENG Suifu(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China;Institute of Multifunctional Materials and Structures Mechanics,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛大学多功能材料与结构力学研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《青岛大学学报（工程技术版）》2023年第4期41-50,共10页Journal of Qingdao University(Engineering & Technology Edition)

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2019BA008)。

摘　　要：为改善汽车发动机的驾驶舒适性并控制外部噪声,本文采用新型无网格数值计算方法对消声器声场进行分析。使用基本解法建立二维与三维消声器声学计算模型,并以满足声学波动方程的奇异基本解为基函数,根据消声器运行工况,给定相应的边界条件。结合提出的算法,设计程序求解,并进行结果测试。通过与有限元法对比,证明此算法在分析二维及三维消声器声学问题上的准确性。同时,应用此方法讨论消声器传递损失的变化规律,分析声学性能。研究结果表明,本文计算性能良好,最大绝对误差仅为2.1074×10-4,保证了计算精度,提高了计算效率;随着汽车噪声频率的升高,传递损失整体呈上升趋势,在800Hz和1400Hz时,传递损失出现峰值,表明在此频段消声器的消声效果最显著,证明本方法在计算三维消声器模型的传递损失方面具有良好的准确性与求解精度,可作为分析声学问题的重要技术手段。该研究可为汽车研发设计提供理论支撑。In order to improve the driving comfort of automobile engine and control the external noise,a new grid-free numerical calculation method is used to analyze the sound field of muffler.The two dimensional and three dimensional acoustic models of the muffler are established by using the Method of Fundamental Solutions.The corresponding boundary conditions are given according to the operating conditions of the muffler by taking the singular basic solution of the acoustic wave equation as the basis function.Combined with the proposed algorithm,a program is designed to solve the problem,and the results are tested.Compared with the finite element method,the accuracy of the proposed algorithm in the acoustic analysis of 2D and 3D silencers is proved.At the same time,this method is used to discuss the variation of the transmission loss of the muffler and analyze the acoustic performance.The results show that the calculation method in this paper has good performance,and the maximum absolute error is only 2.1074×10^(-4),implying that the calculation accuracy is guaranteed,and the calculation efficiency is improved.With the increase of the frequency of vehicle noise,the transmission loss shows an overall upward trend,and the peak value of the transmission loss appears at 800 Hz and 1400 Hz,indicating that the muffler has the most significant muffler effect in this frequency band,which proves that this method has good accuracy and solving precision in calculating the transmission loss of the three-dimensional muffler model.It can be used as an important technical means to analyze acoustic problems.This research has important and extensive significance in the process of automobile development and design.

关 键 词：汽车排气消声器 基本解法 排气噪声 声学性能 传递损失 

分 类 号：U461[机械工程—车辆工程] TB535.2[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]