欧美碳边境调节机制比较及对我国影响与启示研究  

Comparison of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in Europe and America and Its Influence and Enlightenment to China

作　　者：李岚春 陈伟[1,2,3] LI Lanchun;CHEN Wei(Wuhan Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Big Data in Science and Technology,Wuhan 430071,China;School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉文献情报中心,武汉430071 [2]科技大数据湖北省重点实验室,武汉430071 [3]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院,北京100190

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2023年第6期703-712,共10页World Sci-Tech R&D

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“煤炭清洁燃烧与低碳利用”战略研究与专项总体课题(XDA29010500);中国科学院战略研究与决策支持系统建设专项“双碳行动计划战略研究”(GHJ-ZLZX-2023-06);中国科学院轻型动力创新研究院创新引导基金项目重点基金“工程热物理科技发展战略规划研究”(CXYJJ21-MS-01)。

摘　　要：当前,以欧盟、美国为代表的发达经济体试图通过单边碳边境调节机制(CBAM)来争夺制定全球气候与贸易规则的主导权。对欧美相关政策文本的分析显示,欧美推行CBAM已成必然之势,正在结合各自碳市场建设基础制定不同的征收规则,进一步保护本土产业竞争力、加快经济复苏、争夺国际话语权,以占据全球气候规则道德高地。短期CBAM机制对我国影响有限,长期会持续冲击我国能源密集型产业出口,欧美可能借机打压我国产业链供应链,并造成产业企业情报信息泄露,经济整体绿色转型进程将受到不同程度影响。对此,我国应坚持底线思维、及早谋划部署,推动多边气候磋商,鲜明反对任何贸易保护政策;发挥绿色低碳技术引领作用,构筑双循环绿色经济体系;倡导公平合理的碳中和秩序,推广中国治理模式;持续完善我国碳交易市场体系,促进全球化衔接互证;加快探索碳税制度,推动碳税专项利用增益循环。At present,the developed economies represented by the EU and the US are trying to compete for the leading role in making global climate and trade rules through the unilateral carbon Border Regulation Mechanism(CBAM).Based on the analysis of relevant European and American policy texts,the implementation of CBAM in the EU and the United States has become an inevitable trend and combined with the construction of their own carbon market to formulate different collection rules to further protect the competitiveness of local industries,accelerate economic recovery,and compete for international discourse power,so as to occupy the moral high ground of global climate rules.The short-term CBAM mechanism has a limited impact on China and will continue to impact energy-intensive industrial exports in the long term.The EU and the US may use this opportunity to suppress the Chinese industrial chain supply chain and cause the leakage of industrial enterprise information.The overall green transformation process of the economy will be affected to varying degrees.In this regard,China should stick to the bottom line thinking,make early plans,promote multilateral climate negotiations,oppose any protectionist trade policies,stimulate the leading role of green and low-carbon technologies and build a dual-cycle green economic system,advocate a fair and reasonable carbon neutral order and promote governance model,continue to improve the carbon trading market system,promote globalization,convergence and mutual certification,speed up the exploration of a carbon tax system and promote the use of special carbon taxes to gain circulation.

关 键 词：碳边境调节机制 气候行动 贸易体系 国际竞争 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F832.5[经济管理—金融学]