科举与北宋士人审美共同体的建构  

Imperial Examination and the Construction of an Aesthetic Community of Scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：李昌舒[1] LI Chang-shu(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期73-83,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“北宋士人美学研究”(17BZX116);国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代美学命题整理与研究”(21&ZD068);南京大学新时代文科卓越研究计划项目。

摘　　要：北宋是中国近世社会的开端,其中最重要的因素是科举制,完善、成熟的科举制意味着平民士人进入政治舞台。不同于魏晋门阀士族,科举出身的士人没有门第可依,必须寻求出身相同、理想相同的同道作为政治基础,这是一种自觉的士人共同体的建构,也形成北宋政治突出的一个现象:结盟与朋党。士人跻身仕途的途径是科举,科举考察的是文化,因而北宋士人大多博学多识,以“文”著称。他们建构政治共同体的主要途径也是“文”,具体表现为集会、酬唱、书信等形式。“文”包含审美,这意味着他们在建构政治共同体的同时也在建构审美共同体。审美共同体在范围上要大于政治共同体,在政治上他们因为不同的政见而分裂为不同的派别,但在审美上表现出共同的趣味。身处唐宋变革的转折点,北宋士人以他们卓越的文化素养和强大的审美能力,建构了内容广泛、影响深远的审美范式。The northern Song dynasty was the beginning of China’s modern society.The most important factor was the imperial examination system.The perfect and mature imperial examination system meant that civilian scholars entered the political arena.Different from the elite families in Wei and Jin dynasties,the scholars from the imperial examination had no family to rely on,so they had to seek for the same family and ideal as the political foundation,which was a conscious construction of the community of scholars,which was also a prominent phenomenon in the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty:alliance and cronies.The way for scholars to enter the official career was the imperial examination,which examined the culture.Therefore,most of the scholars in the Northern Song dynasty were knowledgeable and famous for their“culture”.Their main way of constructing political community is also“culture”,which is embodied in the form of meeting,reward,letter and so on.“Culture”contains aesthetics,which means that they are constructing an aesthetic community as well as a political community.Aesthetic community is larger than political community in scope,because politically they are divided into different factions due to different political views,but they show common taste in aesthetics.At the turning point of the transformation of the Tang and Song dynasties,the scholars of the northern Song Dynasty constructed a broad and far-reaching aesthetic paradigm with their excellent cultural accomplishment and strong aesthetic ability.

关 键 词：科举 北宋士人 审美共同体 审美范式 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] B83-0[历史地理—中国史]