校外培训监管立法:对象、证成与构建  

Legislation on the Supervision of Off-School Training in China:Object,Justification,and Construction

作　　者：张奇 湛中乐[2] ZHANG Qi;ZHAN Zhongle

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学马克思主义学院,武汉430070 [2]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2023年第3期98-124,190,共28页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国教育法学总论体系构建研究”(20BFX050);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“我国校外培训机构监管的制度建构”(20231V013-019)。

摘　　要：为应对校外培训的负外部性,我国对于校外培训的管理经历了由常态化弱监管到运动式弱监督、再到运动式强监管的转变。由依法治教视角观之,校外培训监管应于法有据,然而我国校外培训运动式强监管在立法供给上存在不足:一方面,《民办教育促进法》未能观照校外培训的特殊定位,不仅消解了校外培训之于学校教育的补充作用,而且限制了校外培训监管实践的探索空间,包括立法空间;另一方面,包括《民办教育促进法》在内的一系列立法缺乏适用于校外培训监管的针对性规定,无法满足监管需要。其结果是我国校外培训监管主要由政策驱动,政策相较于法律在明确性、有责性与稳定性三个维度的固有缺憾减损了校外培训监管的实效,由此决定了应由立法实现校外培训从运动式强监管向常态化强监管的转变。关于立法构建,适当的选择是在修订《民办教育促进法》的同时,先以行政法规的形式制定《校外培训监管条例》。藉由前者,将校外培训机构从民办学校的范畴剥离出来,改变校外培训机构与民办学校被一体规范之现实;藉由后者,立足于校外培训的特殊定位,从监管体制、监管对象、监管原则、监管内容与责任体系五个方面对校外培训予以全方位规范。To cope with the negative externalities of off-school training,China s off-school training has gone through a transition from normalized weak supervision to campaign-style weak supervision,and then to campaign-style strong supervision.From the perspective of managing education according to law,the supervision of off-school training should be based on law.However,at present,China s off-school training campaign-style strong supervision has deficiencies in the legislative supply.On the one hand,the Private Education Promotion Law fails to take into account the special orientation of off-school training,which not only eliminates the supplementary role of off-school training in school education,but also makes this supplementary role disappear,and limits the further exploration space of off-school training supervision practice,including legislative space;On the other hand,a series of legislation,including the Private Education Promotion Law,lacks targeted provisions applicable to the supervision of off-school training,which cannot meet the needs of supervision.As a result,the regulation of off-school training in China is mainly driven by policies.Compared with laws,the inherent shortcomings of policies in the three dimensions of clarity,accountability,and stability detract from the effectiveness of off-school training regulation,which determines that China should achieve the transformation of off-school training from campaign-style strong regulation to normalized strong regulation through legislation.As for the legislative construction,the appropriate choice is to formulate the Regulations on the Supervision of Off-School Training in the form of administrative regulations while revising the Law on the Promotion of Private Education.With the former,the off-school training institutions will be separated from the category of private schools,changing the reality that off-school training institutions and private schools are standardized as one;With the latter,based on the special orientation of off-school training,the off-s

关 键 词：校外培训 监管 民办教育立法 校外培训监管立法 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]