云南干热河谷辣木(Moringa oleifera)对Cd-Pb-Cu-Zn四种复合重金属胁迫的响应及富集特征  

The responses of Moringa oleifera to combined Cd-Pb-Cu-Zn stresses and their enrichment characteristics in the dry-hot valley of Yunnan

作　　者：段晓清 赵广 张扬建[2] 穆羽 杨旺鑫 金杰[5] 韩学琴[5] 廖承飞[5] DUAN Xiaoqing;ZHAO Guang;ZHANG Yangjian;MU Yu;YANG Wangxin;JIN Jie;HAN Xueqin;LIAO Chengfei(Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admin-istration for the Protection and Restoration of Forest Ecosystem in Poyang Lake Basin,College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Sichuan Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center,Cheng-du 610045,China;Ecological Environment Bureau of Pingdingshan City,Pingdingshan 467000,Henan,China;Institute of Tropical Eco-Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou 651399,Yun-nan,China)

机构地区：[1]鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,江西农业大学林学院,南昌330045 [2]拉萨高原生态试验站,生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]四川省国土整治中心,成都610045 [4]河南省平顶山市生态环境局,河南平顶山467000 [5]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651399

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第12期2817-2827,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家木薯产业技术体系“楚雄综合试验站”(CARS-11-YNJJ);云南省重大科技专项“生物资源数字化开发应用”项目(202002AA100007);国家自然科学基金(42101067)资助。

摘　　要：我国矿产资源不合理开发导致的重金属污染较为严重,植物修复是解决土壤重金属污染问题的有效方式,因此亟需开展耐重金属胁迫植物筛选和尾矿堆积区重金属修复的研究。本研究以云南干热河谷地区广泛引种的辣木(Moringa oleifera)为对象,通过盆栽试验模拟不同浓度土壤复合重金属(Cd-Pb-Cu-Zn)胁迫,探讨了辣木叶片光合作用能力、植株生长特性和生物量分配对复合重金属胁迫的响应,揭示了辣木对复合重金属胁迫的适应机制和不同重金属的富集特征。结果表明,复合重金属胁迫对辣木叶片光合能力、植株生长特性、生物量分配特征均产生了显著影响。复合重金属胁迫对辣木叶片光合能力的影响整体表现为低促高抑;辣木株高、地径、根长、根粗的生长都受到显著抑制,且随着胁迫的加剧,抑制作用逐渐增强;随着胁迫的加剧,辣木将更多的生物量投入至地下部分。适应重金属胁迫过程中,辣木将更多的重金属储存在地下生物量中。此外,辣木对4种重金属元素的耐受性和富集能力不同,其中对Cu^(2+)和Zn^(2+)的耐受性较好,对Cd^(2+)和Zn^(2+)富集能力较强。综上,辣木对复合重金属胁迫有一定的耐受性,且生物量较大,生长较快,可考虑作为重金属污染较轻区域的辅助修复植物。Heavy metal pollution caused by the unreasonable exploitation of mineral resources becomes serious in China.Phytoremediation is an effective way to dispose heavy metal pollution.This study aimed to screen a remediation plant that can suffer from heavy metal stress from tailings.Moringa oleifera is a widely introduced species in the dry-heat valley of Yunnan.We conducted a pot experiment with different levels of combined Cd-Pb-Zn-Cu stresses to explore the responses of leaf photosynthesis,growth characteristics,and biomass allocation and thus to reveal the adaptation mechanism and the enrichment characteristics of M.oleifera to combined heavy metal stresses.The results showed that combined heavy metal stresses significantly affected leaf blade photosynthetic capacity,plant growth,and biomass distribution of M.oleifera.Low heavy metal stress enhanced photosynthetic capacity,while high concentration inhibited it.The growth parameters such as plant height,ground diameter,root length,and root diameter of M.oleifera were all negatively affected,with such inhibitory effects being gradually strengthened with increasing stress.M.oleifera allocated more biomass into belowground as the stress increased.During the remediation process,M.oleifera allocated more heavy metals to belowground biomass.In addition,among the four different heavy metals,M.oleifera showed better tolerance to Cu^(2+) and Zn^(2+),and had high enrichment in Cd^(2+) and Zn^(2+).In conclusion,M.oleifera has good tolerance to mild stress of heavy metals,and could be used as a remediation plant species in areas with mild pollution of combined heavy metals.

关 键 词：重金属 植物修复 干热河谷 生物量分配 光合作用 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173