基于SAM预训练大模型智能化组合策略的燃料组件水下快速精确定位优化研究  

Optimization Research on Rapid and Accurate Underwater Positioning of Fuel Assemblies Based on SAM Pre-Trained Large Model Intelligent Combination Strategy

作　　者：陈相羽 李豪 王炳炎[1] 王坤[1] 万浩 温忻 Chen Xiangyu;Li Hao;Wang Bingyan;Wang Kun;Wan Hao;Wen Xin(Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu,610213,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核动力研究设计院,成都610213

出　　处：《核动力工程》2023年第S02期140-145,共6页Nuclear Power Engineering

摘　　要：反应堆换料过程中燃料组件的精确定位是成功抓取与无损提升的关键,由于对安全性与效率的高要求,面对堆内复杂水下环境,需要在保证高精度的同时实现在多变环境中的适应性与可靠性,从而实现全自动精确定位。本研究针对该情况,建立目标检测深度学习模型(YOLO),并利用基于自然语言处理的“分割一切(SAM)”图像分割预训练大模型进行进一步切分,最后通过先验结构实现目标图形学后处理优化,提升燃料组件的定位精度。该多阶段的组合策略模型实现了全自动智能化定位过程的算法解释性,满足了换料保障现场的调试要求,同时通过目标快速检测-目标分割-形态学后处理计算的优化方案解决水下不确定性环境中的不稳定问题,具有高范用性与鲁棒性。在模拟试验环境中,该模型快速可靠、调试性强,单组件定位时间不超过1 s,误差不超过0.5 mm,换料定位效率提升超过90%,大幅度降低操作人员受辐照剂量。Accurate positioning of fuel assembly is the key to successful grasping and nondestructive lifting in the process of reactor refueling.Due to the high requirements for safety and efficiency,it is necessary to realize adaptability and reliability in a changeable environment while ensuring high accuracy in the face of complex underwater environment in the reactor,so as to realize full-automatic accurate positioning.In this study,the object rapid detection model(YOLO)is established,and the natural language processing-based SAM(Segment Anything Model)image segmentation pre-training large model is used for further segmentation.Finally,the post-processing optimization of target graphics is realized through a priori structure,and the positioning accuracy of fuel assembly is improved.This multi-stage combined strategy model achieves algorithmic interpretation of fully automated intelligent positioning process to meet the debugging requirements at the refueling site,while solving the instability problem in the underwater uncertain environment through fast detection-intelligent segmentation-post process to achieve high paradigm and robustness.In the simulated test environment,the model is fast,reliable and highly debuggable.The positioning time of a single assembly is less than 1s,the error is less than 0.5 mm,and the positioning efficiency of refueling is improved by more than 90%,allowing significant reduction of the irradiation dose of operator.

关 键 词：反应堆燃料组件 机器视觉 图像分割 目标检测 大模型 反应堆换料 

分 类 号：TL3[核科学技术—核技术及应用]