良知的“自我审判”——以王心斋为中心论“良知见在”  

The“Self-judgment”of Conscience:Take Wang Xinzhai as the Center to Discuss“Manifestation of Conscience”

作　　者：王占彬 WANG Zhanbin(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《燕山大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期20-25,共6页Journal of Yanshan University:Philosophy and Social Science

摘　　要：“良知见在”体现了良知的先在性与显在性,需要从本体论和工夫论两个层面进行讨论。良知在工夫论层面所见在的是善端,并非全体,故须人致良知以扩充之。良知是万物一体之仁,对万物的把握即是自我把握。心既是控诉者又是被控诉者,良知在流行发用中自我审判、自我省察,即“良知致良知”。“良知见在”实际上是“将理想作为现实”,即将良知显在于人伦日用,而不是“将现实作为理想”,即将当下一切经验当作良知。研究王心斋的良知见在说对深入把握泰州学派的良知思想有重要价值,也对现代人的心性修养、私德建设有一定启发。“Manifestation of Conscience”embodies both the inherent and apparent nature of conscience,requiring discussion from both an ontological and practical perspective.Conscience,at the practical level,man-ifests in virtuous behavior,but not universally,thus necessitating the cultivation of conscience in individuals.Conscience is the benevolence that unifies all things,and grasping the world is tantamount to grasping oneself.The mind is both the accuser and the accused,and conscience,in its application,involves self-judgment and self-reflection,referred to as“conscience to conscience”.“Manifestation of Conscience”actually means“making ideals a reality”,wherein conscience is made evident in daily ethical conduct,rather than“making reality the ideal”,which would involve treating all immediate experiences as conscience.The study of Wang Xinzhai’s concept of“Manifestation of Conscience”is of great value in gaining a deeper understanding of the Taizhou School’s ideas on conscience and can provide insights into the cultivation of moral character and personal ethics for modern individuals.

关 键 词：良知见在 致良知 良知致 王心斋 阳明后学 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]