一株异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌的筛选及氮转化特性研究  

Screening of a Heterotrophic Nitrifying-aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium and Its Nitrogen Transforming Characterization

作　　者：蒋慧慧[1,2] 王强[2] 付维来[2,3] 饶志明[2] 张显 JIANG Hui-hui;WANG Qiang;FU Wei-lai;RAO Zhi-ming;ZHANG Xian(School of Biological and Environmental Engineering,Chaohu University,Hefei 238024;The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education,School of Biotechnology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122;Key Laboratory of Functional Aquafeed and Culture Environment Control,Fujian DBN Aquatic Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhangzhou 363500)

机构地区：[1]巢湖学院生物与环境工程学院,合肥238024 [2]江南大学工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,无锡214122 [3]福建大北农华有水产科技有限公司功能饲料与养殖环境控制重点实验室,漳州363500

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2023年第12期250-260,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2021YFC2100903);大学生创新训练计划项目(X202210380038)。

摘　　要：水产养殖过程中氮元素超标易造成水质恶化,威胁水产动物的生长繁殖,亟需安全、高效的脱氮方法。从福建某水产养殖池底的污泥中筛选出一株氨氮降解菌,菌种鉴定后进行适应性驯化,并研究不同条件对菌株生长和氨氮降解的影响,随后又以亚硝态氮为唯一氮源检测菌株的好氧反硝化特性。菌株经16S rRNA鉴定为阿氏芽孢杆菌Bacillus aryabhattai,命名为JN01;驯化后,菌株的生长、氨氮去除率均有不同程度提高,初始NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度为200 mg/L的氮去除率最高达87.29%;影响菌株脱氮的单因素实验结果表明,当NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度为200 mg/L、丁二酸钠为碳源、碳氮比为15∶1、pH 7.5、培养温度为30℃时,菌株的氨氮降解率可以达到92.78%。在亚硝态氮为唯一氮源的条件下,菌株JN01也能进行好氧反硝化转化,NO_(2)^(-)-N降解率为82.30%。B.aryabhattai JN01具有良好的异养硝化和好氧反硝化特性,具备同时解决养殖废水中氨氮和亚硝酸盐超标的应用潜力。The excessive nitrogen in aquaculture easily causes the deterioration of water quality and threatens the growth and reproduction of aquatic animals,thus a safe and efficient nitrogen removal method is urgently needed.An ammonia-degrading bacterium was selected from the sludge at the bottom of an aquaculture pond in Fujian province.After the strain identification,the adaptive domestication was carried out.The effects of different conditions on the growth of the strain and its ammonia-nitrogen degradation were studied.Subsequently,nitrite was used as the only nitrogen source to detect the aerobic denitrification characteristics of the strains.The strain was identified as Bacillus aryabhattai by 16S rRNA and named as JN01.After acclimation,the growth of the strain and removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increased at varied degrees,and the removal rate of nitrogen was up to 87.29%with the initial NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration was 200 mg/L.The results of single factor experiment showed that the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen of the strain reached 92.78%when NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration was 200 mg/L,sodium succinate as carbon source,carbon to nitrogen ratio was 15∶1,pH 7.5 and culture temperature was 30℃.Under the condition that nitrite nitrogen was the only nitrogen source,strain JN01 also performed aerobic denitrification,and the degradation rate of NO_(2)^(-)-N was 82.30%.In conclusion,B.aryabhattai JN01 has promising heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification characteristics,and has the potential to concurrently solve the excessive ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in aquaculture wastewater.

关 键 词：阿氏芽孢杆菌 异养硝化 好氧反硝化 氨氮 亚硝态氮 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X714