胡适考试思想探赜  

Deep Exploration into Examination Thoughts of Hu Shi

作　　者：李思[1] 胡向东[1] LI Si;HU Xiang Dong(Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学,武汉430079

出　　处：《中国考试》2024年第1期83-93,共11页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金重大项目“中国现代语文教育理论资料的搜集、整理与研究”(22&ZD309)。

摘　　要：胡适是新文化运动的领袖人物,他将杜威的实用主义思想与中国的社会现实相结合,提出了许多建设性的政治主张和教育改革方案。作为其政治思想和教育思想的一部分,胡适的考试思想形成于丰富的教育实践中,不仅汲取传统考试文化的精髓,也受到改良主义思潮和西方测量理论的影响,极具时代特色。他重视考试文化建设,倡导人们重建“考试信仰”;在充分肯定中国科举制度历史功绩的前提下,主张建立“弹性主义”的考试制度、科学的“考试任官”制度、严格的考铨制度和考绩制度,在一定程度上推动了考试的标准化和科学化发展。胡适在探索符合中国实际的改革路径中所形成的考试思想,不仅对民国考试制度的实施产生了积极影响,对于我国当前考试事业的发展也具有借鉴和启迪意义。As a prominent figure in the New Culture Movement during the Republic of China era,Hu Shi integrated Dewey's pragmatism with China's social realities and proposed comprehensive reform plans in politics and education.Within his political and educational ideologies,Hu's perspective on examinations possessed distinct characteristics of its time.Rooted in practical teaching experiences,Hu's examination ideas not only drew from traditional Chinese culture but also reflected influences from bourgeois reformism and Western measurement theories.Hu emphasized the importance of cultivating an examination culture and advocated for the revival of“examination faith”.While acknowledging the significant achievements of China's imperial examination system,he suggested establishing an“elasticity-oriented”examination system,a scientific appointment process for examinations,and a rigorous performance evaluation system to promote standardization and scientification within examinations.Developed through exploring personalized reform paths tailored to China's actual conditions,Hu's ideology on examinations positively impacted the implementation of examination systems in the Republic of China.More importantly,it has referential and enlightening significance for current test development in China.

关 键 词：胡适 考试文化 考试思想 考试制度 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]