经学视域下的清代女性文学批评  

Female Literary Criticism in the Qing Dynasty:A Perspective of Confucian Classics Studies

作　　者：彭国忠[1] 陈淇烨 PENG Guo-zhong;CHEN Qi-ye(Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中文系,上海200241

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期120-134,共15页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金社科学术社团主题学术活动项目“中国特色文论体系研究”(20STA027)。

摘　　要：清代经学兴盛,经学文本对文学创作的话语阐释极大地丰富了清代女性文学批评。清代文坛以《诗经》为理论基础,结合传统儒家的思想内旨与艺术审美,为女性文学建构了一套系统完善的批评模式。他们从女性文学创作的合法性出发,通过言德关系、性情论的探讨综合把握女性文学中的思想旨意、情感表达以及审美精神等多方面要求,形成了以《诗》解诗论诗的批评方式。在经学传统的阐释下,清代女性文学崇尚温柔敦厚、贞静幽闲的诗教大义,喜好独抒性灵、真切自然的情感抒露,重视兼具性情之正与性情之真的文学本色。这类经学视域下的清代女性文学批评,既包括了对经学早期含义的理解认同,也容纳了经学传统背后新意义的生成,正是儒家学说在后世的经典化过程,对于女性文学主体价值与个性精神的认识与开拓产生了重要影响。As Confucian Classics Studies flourished,interpretation of literature discourse of the Studies greatly enriched the female literary criticism during the Qing Dynasty.With The Book of Songs as theoretical foundation and traditional Confucian thoughts and aesthetics as reference,the Qing literary circle constructed a comprehensive critique mode for the female literature.By discussing its legitimacy,the relationship between words and virtues as well as the theory of temperament,the scholars explored the ideological intent,emotional expression,and aesthetic spirit of the female literature,resulting in a critique method that interpreted and criticized poetry based on The Book of Songs.In the light of the traditional interpretations of the Studies,the female literature advocated the Confucian teachings extracted from The Book of Songs like gentleness,sincerity and serenity,thus preferring an honest and authentic literature that describes one’s personality and temperament genuinely and naturally.From this perspective,while appreciating the early interpretations,the Qing female literary criticism sought the new meanings of the Studies.It can be concluded that the canonization of Confucianism greatly affected the cognition and expansion of the subject value and spirit of female literature.

关 键 词：清代女性 文学批评 经学阐释 诗教传统 性情论 以《诗》解诗论诗 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]