汶川强震区震裂山体分布特征与成灾模式研究  

Spatial Distribution and Disaster-Causing Pattern of Shattered Mountains in Wenchuan Strong Earthquake Area

作　　者：刘波 胡卸文 何坤 LIU Bo;HU Xiewen;HE Kun(Railway Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Science Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Faculty of Geosciences and Environment Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京100081 [2]西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,四川成都611756

出　　处：《灾害学》2024年第1期177-187,共11页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基金项目(2023YJ190);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YCF1505401)。

摘　　要：为研究2008年汶川8.0级地震强震区震裂山体灾害的分布特征及其成灾模式,首先基于植被退化趋势法和全球地表类型覆盖图等多源数据融合方法对研究区震裂山体进行识别,建立了124处典型震裂山体灾害点数据集。分析表明:震裂山体分布特征与地震的峰值加速度(PGA)等值线和断层距呈现高度正相关性,受高程放大效应和地形影响,85.48%的灾害点发育于泥石流沟域内,同时94.35%的震裂山体来源于同震滑坡后缘的持续变形;震裂山体主要成灾模式包括高位震裂山体高速崩滑碎屑流、高位震裂山体崩滑铲刮侵蚀型泥石流和高位震裂山体多点崩滑堵溃型泥石流三种灾害链。研究结果对强震区震裂山体灾害的全面识别和综合防治及强震区工程规划具有一定参考价值。In order to study the distribution characteristics and disaster formation mode of the seismic crack mountain hazards in the strong earthquake zone of the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008,multi-source data fusion methods,including vegetation degradation trend-based distribution maps,the global land cover map and so are used to identify the shattered mountain rocks in the study area,resulting in the establishment of a dataset of 124 typical seismic crack mountain disaster points.It is found that their distribution density is highly positively correlated with the PGA isoline of the “5·12” earthquakes and the distance from fault.Due to the elevation amplification effect and topography,85.48 percent of the shattered mountains are located in the debris flow gully.And 94.35 percent of the shattered mountains are the old co-seismic landslides.Based on the sample analysis,three main disaster chain modes of high-position shattered mountain were condensed,including high-position shattered mountain landslide to rock debris,high-position shattered mountain landslide to debris flow with entrainment and erosion and multiple high-position landslides from shattered mountain to debris flow with blocking and outburst flood.The research is of great significance to the prevention and control of shattered mountain disaster chain and engineering planning in meizoseismal areas.

关 键 词：汶川8.0级地震 震裂山体 多源数据融合 趋势分析法 分布特征 成灾模式 

分 类 号：P642.2[天文地球—工程地质学] X43[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] X915.5[天文地球—地质学] P315.5[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]