高等教育的多中心布局能提高城市创新水平吗  

Can Polycentric Layout of Higher Education Promote Urban Innovation

作　　者：邹炀 ZOU Yang(Institute of Higher Education,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116033,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学高等教育研究院,大连116033

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2024年第1期46-62,共17页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“国家自主创新示范区产学研协同创新生态系统演化及治理研究”(18BGL271)。

摘　　要：创新驱动发展战略的深入实施有赖于高等教育,但高校作为资源依赖型组织,往往受制于政府目标和市场力量,这种独立性的相对欠缺所带来的高等教育规模扩张,直接推动了高等教育在省域空间的多中心布局,这是否有碍于高等教育对经济社会良序发展的促进作用?以2004—2019年23个省份231个城市作为研究样本,采用固定效应模型和工具变量法进行实证研究,结果表明:第一,高校自主性欠缺所带来的省域高等教育布局多中心化趋势,会对省域内城市的创新水平带来负向影响。第二,基础设施建设的挤出效应是城市创新关键机制。与地方政府博弈互为表里的省域多中心化进程,将通过基础设施建设,放大地方高校规模扩张所具有的投资拉动属性,并最终挤出城市创新;省域层面知识溢出所带来的网络外部性和城市层面的集聚外部性虽然有利于城市创新,但难以克服多中心布局所带来的负面效应。第三,异质性研究发现,多中心布局只是促进了形式公平,但实际上经济发展水平更差、行政级别更低城市的创新水平受到更为明显的负向影响,中心城市对邻近区域创新水平的溢出效应也间接被削弱。因此,加快转变地方政府的经济增长逻辑和尊重高校主体性地位,避免盲目扩张,是优化省域高等教育布局、提高城市创新水平、助推城市经济高质量发展的有效路径。The in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy depends on higher education,but as a typical resource-dependent organization,colleges and universities are often subject to government goals and market forces.The expansion of the scale of higher education brought about by this relative lack of independence directly promotes the polycentric layout of higher education in the provincial space,which will hinder the role of higher education in promoting the development of economic and social order.Taking 231 cities in 23 provinces from 2004 to 2019 as research samples,the fixed-effect model and instrumental variable method were used in the empirical study,and the results show:Firstly,the multi-centralization of provincial higher education due to the lack of autonomy of colleges and universities will have a negative impact on the innovation level of intra-provincial cities.Secondly,the crowding-out effect of infrastructure construction is a key mechanism.The process of provincial multi-centralization,which is mutually external and internal to local government competition and game,will amplify the investment-driven attribute of the scale expansion of local universities through infrastructure construction,and eventually crowd out urban innovation.Although the network externalities brought by knowledge spillover at the provincial level and the agglomeration externalities at the city level are beneficial to urban innovation,it is difficult to overcome the negative effects brought by the polycentric layout.Thirdly,the heterogeneity study found that the multi-center layout only promoted formal equity,but in fact,the innovation level of cities with lower economic development level and administrative level was more negatively affected,and the spillover effect of central cities on the innovation level of neighboring regions was also indirectly weakened.Therefore,accelerating the transformation of the economic growth logic of local governments,respecting the subjectivity of colleges and universities,and a

关 键 词：高等教育布局 多中心化 城市创新 高等教育规模扩张 

分 类 号：G646[文化科学—高等教育学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学]