俞樾易学新研——兼论其与焦循易学之同异  

New Research on Yu Yue's Scholarship on the Changes:Simultaneously on Its Similarities and Differences with Jiao Xun's Scholarship

作　　者：张沛[1] ZHANG Pei

机构地区：[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《周易研究》2023年第6期32-43,共12页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目:“乾嘉象数易学及其义理意涵研究”(17CZX031)。

摘　　要：俞樾易学虽如一屋散钱,却常有才情迸发之处。其训诂校勘绍述高邮王氏之学,象数创见多受扬州焦循启发,义理表达大有常州公羊之风。以往研究并未点出《易贯》仿《易通释》而作。该书的解经思路是逐一列出系有相同字词的卦,并对其卦爻象与卦爻辞展开分析,从而断定每一字词对应何种卦象。这种以同辞为入路的解《易》方法看似别出心裁,实为袭焦循之故技。“穷通变化论”是一种不曾落入解经实践的象数体例,它在俞樾易学中的地位不宜高估。一卦应位上同时失正的两爻之变正方式不同,是“穷通变化论”与焦循“旁通”说的唯一区别。俞樾对焦循的批评出于是己非人之心,并非持正公允之论。“变卦”是指逐爻交错的两对旁通按指定规则依序爻变而推出其余六十卦的过程。此说规模宏大、体系严整,实则只是聊以自娱之作,以之解《易》势必难寻定则。俞樾以既济定为《易》之大义,寄寓着天下全方位正定的极治理想。他基于以柔克刚、以拙制巧的原则为朝廷谋划了改革的方向,但其政见全是治标不治本的老生常谈,欲以此消除内忧外患,不啻于痴人说梦。这警示今日的哲学工作者切勿因经世致用之心而漠视自己的知识边界与能力阈限。Although Yu Yue’s(1821-1907)scholarship on the Changes is diffusive,there are many innovative opinions.His philo⁃logical interpretation and emendation inherited Wang Niansun(1744-1832)and Wang Yinzhi’s(1766-1836)scholarship,his cre⁃ative viewpoints of images and numbers were mostly influenced by Jiao Xun(1763-1820),and his expression of meanings and prin⁃ciples was characterized by the features of the scholarship on the Gongyang zhuan(Gongyang’s Commentary on the Spring and Atu⁃man Annals).Previous studies have not pointed out that his Yi guan(A Consistent Interpretation of the Changes)imitated Jiao Xun’s Yi tongshi(A Consistent Exegesis of the Changes).The interpretive idea of this book is to list the hexagrams with the same state⁃ments one by one,and analyze their hexagram and line images and statement,in order to determine which image corresponds to each character.This method of interpreting the Book of Changes,which takes lexical items as the starting point,may seem ingenious,but in reality,it follows the old method of Jiao Xun.The theory of“changes under the circumstance of impasse”(Qiong tong bianhua lun穷通变化论)is an image⁃numerological approach that has never become standard practice of interpreting scripture,and its position in Yu Yue’s scholarship of Changes should not be overestimated.The only difference between the Qiong tong bianhua lun and Jiao Xun’s“pang tong”(lateral linkage)theory lies in the different ways in which the two lines that in the response position of one hexagram si⁃multaneously lose rectitude become correct.Yu Yue’s criticism of Jiao Xun comes from his selfish motive and is not based on a fair and just view.The process of“hexagram changes”refers to the process of introducing the remaining sixty hexagrams by changing the lines of two pairs of pang tong hexagrams in sequence according to specified rules.This theory has a grand scale and a strict system,but in reality it is only a work for self⁃entertainment,and it is inevitably difficult

关 键 词：俞樾 《易贯》 穷通变化 既济定 变 焦循 

分 类 号：B259.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学]