歌与舞:论“谐”一词与其艺术形式的建构、重构及繁化特性  

On the Tibetan Word"gzhas"and its Artistic Form and Characteristics

作　　者：格桑曲杰 Gyesang Chogye(Institute of Tibetan Ethnic Arts,Lhasa,Xizang 850000)

机构地区：[1]西藏民族艺术研究所,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期52-61,69,共11页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金艺术学项目“基于中华民族文化共同体认同下的西藏边境较少数民族‘珞’‘门’仪式歌舞调查研究”阶段性成果,项目号:21ED204。

摘　　要：藏文“谐”(■)一词与其歌、舞艺术经历了漫长的初始建构、历时重构与共时繁复化的过程。文章通过对藏文古籍文献记载的“谐”一词的梳理、分析和对藏族“谐”歌、舞艺术较为广泛的实地考察、研究,证实藏文“谐”一词出现于距今800多年以前,“谐”作为歌唱形式则出现得更早。“谐”初时指清唱形式的歌或歌曲,具有很强的民间性和区域性;随着“谐”的传播与歌舞意义的嵌入,其内涵与外延发生变化,不仅指清唱形式的民歌,而且还指歌舞和歌舞乐一体的艺术形式,形成“谐”名词概念的重构。以“谐钦”为典型代表的谐歌舞艺术形式出现于佛教后弘期;现实广大区域内流传的各类谐歌、舞艺术及称谓呈现出多样、繁盛、区域化的样态。文章把谐歌与谐歌舞置于历时与共时交叉的语境中考量、界别,对其藏文名词的构成、不同歌词格律形式使用、区域化审美取向选择等方面进行了深入的讨论。The Tibetan word"gzhas"and its artistic form of singing and dancing has gone through a long process from its primary construction and reconstruction to its complication.Through the combing and analyzing of the Tibetan ancient literature on the word"gzhas"and the more extensive fieldwork and research on the songs and dances which the word involves,it is confirmed that the Tibetan word"gzhas"appeared more than 800 years ago,and the singing form of"gzhas"appeared even earlier.The word"gzhas"initially refers to unaccompanied sing⁃ing with strong folk and regional characteristics.With the spread of"gzhas"and its integration with music and dancing,its connotation and extension start to change,it not longer refers to the form of unaccompanied folk song singing only,it also means an art form with singing,dancing and music.In the process,the concept of"gzhas"was reconstructed.The art form typically represented by"gzhas-chen"appeared in the Later Prosperous Period of Tibetan Buddhism,and then various types of"gzhas"were performed in a wide range of regions with diverse,prosperous and regional features.This article puts"gzhas"into the diachronic and synchronic context and car⁃ries out an in-depth discussion on the formation of the Tibetan word"gzhas",its use of different lyrics and rhythms,and its regional aesthetic orientation,and so on.

关 键 词：谐 词义 民歌 歌舞 

分 类 号：J722.7[艺术—舞蹈]