不同应变率下几种高分子聚合物变形耗能特征试验  

Experimental Study on Deformation Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Several Polymers under Different Strain Rates

作　　者：刘义晴[1] 王晓林[2] 冯红春 周凯[4] LIU Yiqing;WANG Xiaolin;FENG Hongchun;ZHOU Kai(Henan Quality Engineering Vocational College,Pingdingshan 467000,China;Department of Architecture and Environmental Engineering,Taiyuan College,Taiyuan 030032,China;Changjiang Survey,Planning and Design Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;School of Civil Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]河南质量工程职业学院,河南平顶山467000 [2]太原学院建筑与环境工程系,山西太原030032 [3]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [4]太原理工大学木工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《塑料工业》2023年第12期125-132,共8页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：山西省高等学校教学改革创新项目(J2021773);太原学院院级科研项目(21TYKQ17)。

摘　　要：为探究不同高分子聚合物材料在高应变率下的耗能效果,采用电液伺服机及霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置对聚乙烯(PE)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲醛(POM)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丙烯(PP)5种材料开展不同应变率下的压缩试验,分析应变率、材料种类对试件压缩变形率、峰值应力、单位体积耗散率及能量耗散率的影响规律。结果表明:静载作用下POM、PC、PVC、PP、PE试件峰值应力分别为104.60、77.60、65.82、43.63、28.70 MPa,压缩变形率分别为7.80%、2.04%、0.81%、4.38%、4.21%,弹性模量变化为PVC>PC>POM>PP>PE,POM试件强度及变形率最高,PVC试件变形程度最低。随着应变率的增大试件峰值应力随之增加,试件强度存在显著应变率效应,且POM试件应变率效应敏感度最弱,PE试件应变率效应最强。试件耗散能与入射能间存在线性正相关,试件单位体积耗散能变化规律为PVC>PC>POM>PP>PE,高应变率下PVC材料耗能效果最好,其次分别为PC、POM、PP,PE材料耗能效果最低。冲击气压的增大使得试件单位体积耗散能增大,能量耗散率降低,试件能量耗散率为PVC>PC>POM>PP>PE,因此PVC材料在高应变率下其强度较高且增幅较大,其自身耗能效果及能量耗散率最大,是定向爆破药包外壳最优选择材料。In order to investigate the energy dissipation effect of different polymer materials at high strain rates,compression tests were carried out on five materials of polyethylene(PE),polycarbonate(PC),polyoxymethylene(POM),polyvinyl chloride(PVC)and polypropylene(PP)at different strain rates using an electro-hydraulic servo machine and a Hopkinson compression bar(SHPB)device.The effects of strain rate and material type on compressive deformation rate,peak stress,unit volume dissipation rate and energy dissipation rate were analyzed.The test results show that under static load,the peak stress of POM,PC,PVC,PP and PE specimens are 104.60,77.60,65.82,43.63 and 28.70 MPa,respectively,and the compressive deformation rates are 7.80%,2.04%,0.81%,4.38%and 4.21%,respectively.Elastic modulus changes into PVC>PC>POM>PP>PE.POM specimen strength and deformation rate are the highest.PVC specimen deformation degree is the lowest.The peak stress of the specimen increases with the increase of strain rate,and there is a significant strain rate effect on the strength of the specimen,and the sensitivity of strain rate effect on the POM specimen is the weakest,and the strain rate effect on the PE specimen is the strongest.There is a linear positive correlation between the dissipated energy of the specimen and the incident energy.The variation rule of dissipated energy per unit volume of the specimen is PVC>PC>POM>PP>PE.At high strain rate,PVC material has the best energy dissipation effect,followed by PC,POM and PP,and PE material has the lowest energy dissipation effect.With the increase of impact pressure,the unit volume dissipated energy of the specimen increases and the energy dissipation rate decreases.The energy dissipation rate of the specimen is PVC>PC>POM>PP>PE.Therefore,PVC material has high strength and large increase at high strain rate,and its energy dissipation effect and energy dissipation rate are the largest,so it is the best choice material for directional blasting charge shell.

关 键 词：高分子聚合物 应变率 变形率 波阻抗 峰值应力 单位体积耗散能 能量耗散率 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]