不同编码条件对负性刺激定向遗忘的影响  

The Effect of Encoding Modality on Directed Forgetting of Negative Stimuli

作　　者：李广政[1] 李梅[1] 于晓静 于战宇 尹月阳 林文毅[1] Li Guangzheng;Li Mei;Yu Xiaojing;Yu Zhanyu;Yin Yueyang;Lin Wenyi(School of Education Science,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学教育科学学院,徐州221116

出　　处：《心理学探新》2023年第3期218-223,共6页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年基金项目(19YJC190010)。

摘　　要：研究考察了不同编码条件下负性刺激的定向遗忘机制。结果表明,无论是否呈现项目具体性加工指导语,动作执行条件下的负性刺激均未出现定向遗忘,而中性刺激出现定向遗忘。对于语词条件下的刺激,在未呈现项目具体性加工指导语时,负性刺激和中性刺激均出现定向遗忘,而在呈现该指导语时,中性刺激出现定向遗忘,而负性刺激未出现定向遗忘。研究认为指令出现之前的编码方式所带来的项目具体性加工以及指令出现之后的负性情绪对主动抑制机制的阻碍,共同决定了负性情绪更难遗忘。Whether people can actively forget the negative emotional experience has been one of the focuses of research.Two experiments were conducted in the present study to examine the problem that whether the item-specific processing brought by encoding modality can affect the directed forgetting of negative stimuli.The results of Experiment 1 showed that there was a directed forgetting effect for neutral stimuli but not for the negative stimuli under the enactment encoding condition.However,for verbal learning condition,the directed forgetting was observed for both neutral stimuli and negative stimuli.The results of Experiment 2 showed that when the item-specific processing instructions were present,there was a directed forgetting effect for neutral stimuli but not for the negative stimuli under both enactment task condition and verbal task condition,Therefore,it suggests that there may be two factors that determine that negative stimuli are more difficult to forget,one is the elaborative encoding before the remember/forget instructions,and the other is the hindrance of the negative stimuli on the attentional inhibition after the presentation of the instructions.

关 键 词：定向遗忘 SPT VT 项目具体性加工 负性刺激 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]