荀子“诗性伦理”思想研究  

Xunzi's Thought on"Poetic Ethics"

作　　者：王堃 Wang Kun

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系(珠海)

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期32-43,M0004,M0005,共14页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：关于荀子的“性伪之辨”有性伪合、性伪分两种观点,而这两种观点的共同问题是未曾发现荀子思想中的诗情视域。荀子对“性”概念的约定有价值性与认知性两层意义,由价值性约定而有“性(欲)恶”,由认知性约定而有“性知”。对“性”概念作出约定的根据源于本真情感的诗性言说,在情感领悟与反思中生成“性知”,由“性知”给出欲恶、伪善的判断,“性”的认知性与价值性的约定由此产生。礼义之伪兴起于情感,建立于“性知”。在仁爱与“好义”之情的诗性言说中兴起关于“道义”的领悟与反思,以道义为根据,“性知”建立起“礼”的规范制度。“礼”以“别异”为特征,而礼的实践以“乐之中和”作为调和,从而可能在实践中超越差异,完成向仁爱的诗性复归。诗、礼、乐在荀子思想中构成一个回环结构,荀子的伦理思想可称为“诗性伦理”。Regarding the debate of xing(性)and wei(伪)or that of liyi(礼义)and xingqing in Xunzi's thought,there are two main points of views in current research:one asserts the consistence of xing and wei,and the other holds the distinction between xing and wei.Both presuppose the dichotomy of xing and wei,based on the foundation human nature(人性),a conceptional construction of the subjectivity of human beings rather than the reality of human existence.In fact,the debate of xing and wei as a question,transcending the dichotomous structure,can only be raised by reducing the conceptional construction to the original view sight of emotional experience.The debate of xing and wei stems from Xunzi's naming of xing:The reason for the existence of life is called xing(生之所以然者谓之性).The desires inherent in human beings can potentially lead to ethical consequences such as conflict,disorder,and poverty.However,the cognitive and evaluative abilities inherent in human beings also allow for the recognition of the evil in these ethical consequences,as well as the ability to make good judgments on the basis of pseudo-originated rituals and righteousness.Therefore,the concept of xing can be understood on two levels:one being desires and the other being cognitive knowledge.In the judgment of cognitive knowledge,desires are considered evil while the pseudo is considered good.Thus,evil desires become the evaluative significance of xing,while cognitive knowledge represents the cognitive significance of xing.How does the judgment of evil desires and false goodness arise from cognitive knowledge of xing(性知)?It is precisely through the pursuit of the potentiality of cognitive knowledge of xing that the agreement on xing as the reason for existence is achieved.Returning to the harmonious and compassionate experience that arises from xing,it is through the comprehension and reflection on this experience that the subject's cognitive knowledge of xing is established.In conjunction with desires as its objects of understanding,

关 键 词：荀子 礼义 情感 性知 情欲 诗性伦理 

分 类 号：B82-092[哲学宗教—伦理学]