虚拟实验何以用于教授思想实验——基于科学思想史与认知具身观点的理论分析  

How Virtual Experiments Are Used to Teach Thought Experiments:A Theoretical Analysis Based on the History of Scientific Thought and the Embodied Perspective of Cognition

作　　者：郑旭东[1] 张金胜 ZHENG Xudong;ZHANG Jinsheng

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学国家智能社会治理实验基地(教育),湖北武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学人工智能教育学部,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2024年第1期29-38,共10页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：华中师范大学国家教师发展协同创新实验基地建设研究项目“面向人工智能教育的教师研训模式构建”(CCNUTEI 2021-15);华中师范大学国家教师发展协同创新实验基地建设研究项目“人工智能+教学学术共同体构建与实践”(CCNUTEI 2022-04)。

摘　　要：物质实验在现实世界中展开,思想实验则在头脑中展开,二者共同构成了科学实验的两种基本类型,其历史分野背后展现的是经验论和唯理论这两种不同的认识论立场,以及由此导致的两者之间对立与统一的辩证关系。基于认知的具身观点,思想实验可分为描述或想象意象世界、模拟操作意象、根据想象的现象形成结论三个相互联系的认知过程,它是具身直觉系统中感性与知性的统一。以计算建模和虚拟仿真技术为基础的虚拟实验的快速崛起,有助于构建一种“人—机”融合的具身系统,并将其中的意象、心理模拟和想象结果外化为感知觉信号,其最大优势不是模拟物质实验,而是教授思想实验。作为一种具身直觉工具,虚拟实验被用于教授思想实验时,应采取实验场景生活化、实验材料意象化、参数控制自主化、操作体验具身化、实验结果直观化等策略,以提升应用效果。Actual experiments are carried out in the physical realm,while thought experiments transpire within the realm of the mind.Together,they constitute the two fundamental types of scientific experimentation.The historical dichotomy between them reveals the contrasting epistemological stances of empiricism and idealism,giving rise to a dialectical relationship marked by opposition and unity.From the vantage-point of cognitive embodiment,thought experiments can be parsed into three interlinked cognitive processes:the depiction or imaginative construction of hypothetical worlds,the simulation of operational mental images,and the derivation of conclusions based on envisioned phenomena.This framework reflects the harmonization of sensibility and intellect within the embodied intuition system.The swift ascension of virtual experiments grounded in computational modeling and virtual simulation technologies contributes to the establishment of a fused“human-machine”embodied system.It externalizes mental images,psychological simulations,and imaginative outcomes into perceptual signals.The primary strength of virtual experiments lies in facilitating the pedagogy of thought experiments rather than simulating material experiments.As an embodied intuitive tool,virtual experiments,when employed for teaching thought experiments,should adhere to such strategic principles as rendering experimental scenarios vivid and true-to-life,conceptualizing experimental materials,enabling autonomous control over parameters,embodying the experiential dimension of operation and visualizing experimental outcomes to enhance the application effect.

关 键 词：虚拟实验 思想实验 具身认知 认知机制 设计原则 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]