民国时期节气歌谣的类型、版本与文化意蕴  

Types,Versions and Cultural Significance of Solar Term Folk Songs during the Republican Period

作　　者：尹北直 柴福珍 Yin Beizhi;Chai Fuzhen(College of Marxism,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学马克思主义学院,北京100083

出　　处：《古今农业》2023年第4期87-96,68,共11页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：教育部2021年度高校思想政治理论课教师研究专项一般项目“中华农耕文化融入涉农高校思政课研究”(21JDSZK063);农业农村部农村社会事业促进司、中国农业博物馆联合管理项目“民国时期二十四节气体系发展及影响研究”。

摘　　要：民国时期涌现了大量节气歌谣,即在民间广泛流传的、以二十四节气的部分或整体为主题的歌、诗、谣、谚(不含文人诗)。通过分析民国文献中节气歌谣的类型、比较其不同版本后发现,去除短歌农谚外,大部分节气歌谣均将二十四节气作为一个整体吟咏;“经典版”节气歌上半段并非如一般认为那样有具体作者,而是采自民间,与改历宣传辞令共同发展为今天的版本。民国时期节气歌谣不仅体现了这一时期二十四节气与农家月令文化的融合,也创造了自然科学知识话语与民俗话语结合的更多机会,是二十四节气进一步聚合为一个文化体系并得到持续丰富和发展的体现。During the Republic of China period,a large number of solar term folk songs emerged,which were widely circulated among the people and focused on the theme of the 24 Solar Terms,including songs,poems,rhymes,and sayings(excluding literati poetry).Through analyzing the types of solar term folk songs in Republic of China and comparing their different versions,it was found that most of the folk songs,except for short folk sayings,worship the 24 Solar Terms as a whole.The first half of the"classical version"of the 24 Solar Term folk songs was not written by someone as originally recognized,but derived from the people,and together with the propaganda slogans of calendar reform,it developed into today's version.These folk songs of the Republic of China period not only reflected the thorough integration of the 24 Solar Terms and the culture of monthly calendars in farming academic community(Nong-jia),but also created more opportunities for the combination of natural science knowledge discourse and folk discourse.They are a manifestation of the further aggregation of the 24 Solar Terms into a cultural system and continuous enrichment and development.

关 键 词：民国 节气 歌谣 月令 农耕文化 

分 类 号：P193[天文地球—天文学] K258[历史地理—历史学] K892.18[历史地理—中国史] I207.2[文学—中国文学]