花椒籽资源利用研究进展  

Review on resource utilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds

作　　者：古雪艳 徐国伟 张康[1] 王磊[1] 郭志廷[1] 李建喜[1] 张景艳[1] 王学智[2] GU Xueyan;XU Guowei;ZHANG Kang;WANG Lei;GUO Zhiting;LI Jianxi;ZHANG Jingyan;WANG Xuezhi(Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Pharmaceutiacl Sciences of CAAS,Lanzhou Gansu 730050,China;Lanzhou Institute of Veterinary Medicine of CAAS,Lanzhou Gansu 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃兰州730050 [2]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2024年第1期43-47,共5页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1602204);中国农业科学院中兽医与临床创新团队(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-LIHPS-06)。

摘　　要：花椒籽是花椒的主要副产物之一,其营养成分主要包括花椒籽油和花椒籽蛋白等。花椒籽油的提取工艺包括传统工艺提取、超临界CO_(2)萃取、微波提取、分子蒸馏、超声波提取、有机溶剂提取、水酶法等;花椒籽蛋白的提取工艺包括盐法、碱溶酸析法、Osborne法、酶法等。花椒籽中药用化学成分主要有黄酮、多酚、多糖及生物碱等,主要具有抑菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降低血清胆固醇等药理作用。目前对于花椒籽资源的利用主要集中在将花椒籽作为部分基础饲料,以达到促生长、提高饲料转化率和生长性能的作用。今后,应充分挖掘花椒籽作为新型饲料的潜在价值,实现花椒籽资源的高效利用。本文对花椒籽中营养分析、提取工艺、药理活性成分及药理作用进行综述,可为花椒籽资源利用提供参考。Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds are one of the main by-products of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.and its nutritional components mainly include Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds oil and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds protein.The extraction techniques of prickly ash seed oil include traditional extraction,supercritical CO_(2) extraction,microwave extraction,molecular distillation,ultrasonic extraction,organic solvent extraction,aqueous enzymatic extraction,etc.The extraction technology of prickly ash seed protein includes salt method,alkaline soluble acid analysis method,Osborne method,enzymatic method,etc.The main chemical components used in Chinese medicine are flavonoids,polyphenols,polysaccharides and alkaloids,which have the pharmacological effects of antibacterial,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor and lowering serum cholesterol.At present,the utilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds resources is mainly focused on the use of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds as part of the basic feed to achieve the role of promoting growth,improving feed conversion rate and growth performance.In the future,the potential value of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds as a new feed should be fully explored based on the existing research results to realize the efficient utilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds resources.In this paper,the latest research progress on the chemical composition analysis,extraction technology and related pharmacological effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds at home and abroad was reviewed,so as to provide reference for the utilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.seeds.

关 键 词：花椒籽 花椒籽油 花椒籽蛋白 活性成分 提取工艺 应用 

分 类 号：S853.7[农业科学—临床兽医学]