从多学科到超学科:学科交叉的生长逻辑和实践路径  

From Multidisciplinary to Transdisciplinary:A Study of the Growth Logic and Practical Paths of the Intersection of Disciplines

作　　者：王雁[1,2] 徐强 尹学锋[2,3,4] Wang Yan;Xu Qiang;Yin Xuefeng

机构地区：[1]同济大学高等教育研究所 [2]同济大学发展规划与学科建设部 [3]同济大学电子与信息工程学院 [4]同济大学国豪书院

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2024年第1期99-105,137,共8页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

基　　金：中国研究生院院长联席会2022年研究生教育研究项目重点课题“交叉学科高质量建设的长效机制研究”(ACGS04-202204)。

摘　　要：学科交叉存在从多学科到超学科等多种不同分类形式和生长逻辑。理论层面从“学科边界”的视角定义中国语境下的学科交叉,以区分多学科、跨学科、交叉学科和超学科的交叉融合程度。实践层面,以同济大学为案例,从学科规划、制度优化和可持续发展三个层面分析以学科群方式推进全校46个学科交叉融合、优势互补的实践路径。研究发现,学科群的成长目前处在“交叉学科”和“超学科”之间,是学科交叉的有效建设路径,实现了“自上而下引导交叉”和“自下而上探索融合”的学科可持续循环发展路径。There are various classification forms and growth logic of the intersection of disciplines.At the theoretical level,the paper defines the multidisciplinary,cross-disciplinary,interdisciplinary,and transdisciplinary in the Chinese context from the perspective of“disciplinary boundaries”.At the practical level,taking Tongji University as a case study,it analyzes the practical path of promoting the cross integration and complementary advantages of 46disciplines across the university through a disciplinary cluster approach from three aspects:disciplinary planning,institutional optimization,and sustainable development.The paper has found that the growth of disciplinary cluster is currently between“interdisciplinary”and“transdisciplinary”,which is an effective construction path for disciplinary intersection.It has achieved a sustainable circular development path of“guiding intersection from top to bottom”and“exploring integration from bottom to top”.

关 键 词：学科交叉 交叉学科 学科边界 学科群 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]