角色理论视域下普通儿童对孤独症的认知  

Normal Children’s Cognition of Autism in the Perspective of Role Theory

作　　者：王琳琳 杨楠[1] 周慧敏 吴贵芊 顾曼 WANG Lin-lin;YANG Nan;ZHOU Hui-min;WU Gui-qian;GU Man

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育学部,昆明650500

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2023年第4期11-22,共12页Disability Research

基　　金：中国残联研究课题:权益保障视域下残疾人污名影响研究(23&ZC026)。

摘　　要：基于角色理论,探索融合教育环境下普通儿童对孤独症的认知。研究发现,普通儿童对孤独症的认知是围绕该群体在社会生活中最容易被观察到的显著特征展开的。他们深受“残疾→失能→价值质疑和否定”传统观念的影响,文章重点描绘了孤独症儿童自卑且缺乏安全感的角色形象,倾向于以缺陷、弱势、低能为主线,对孤独症儿童备受同伴排斥和社会适应不良进行“个人悲剧模式”的问题归因与情景预测,缺乏权利视角下对孤独症儿童社会参与问题的诠释,对孤独症儿童的个人能力和生活状态的评估具有隐性歧视之嫌,忽略了孤独症儿童可通过自身发展实现人生价值,建构幸福美好生活的重要维度。未来应规避将孤独症儿童角色定型化风险,保障其发展权,重视“集体主义”的本土教学经验,促进孤独症儿童顺利进行社会融合。Based on role theory,this paper explores the cognition of autism among normal children in an inclusive educational setting.It is found that normal children’s cognition of autism revolves around the most easily observable salient features of their peers with autism in social life.Due to the deep impact of the traditional view of“disability→inability→value questioning and negating”,they focused on depicting the role image of children with autism with inferiority,low self-confidence,and insecurity,and tended to take defects,weakness,and low capabilities as the major reasons for and scenario prediction basis of a“personal tragedy model”regarding peer rejection and social maladjustment of children with autism,but had rather insufficient interpretation of the social participation of children with autism from the perspective of human rights,and gave an evaluation of the personal ability and living state of these children with suspected implicit discrimination,ignoring the important dimension that children with autism can realize their personal values and construct a happy and beautiful life through their own self-development.In the future,we should avoid the risk of role stereotyping of children with autism,guarantee their right to development,attach importance to the local teaching experience of“collectivism”,and promote the smooth social integration of them.

关 键 词：角色理论 绘画投射分析 普通儿童 孤独症 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]