听障大学生课堂语言沟通需求调查研究  

A Survey on Classroom Language Communication Needs of Hearing-impaired College Students in a Higher Special Education Institution

作　　者：肖阳梅 胡可[1] 杨军辉[2] 吕会华 李晗静[1] XIAO Yang-mei;HU Ke;YANG Jun-hui;LV Hui-hua;LI Han-jing

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学,北京100075 [2]英国中央兰开夏大学,普雷斯顿市PR12HE

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2023年第4期86-94,共9页Disability Research

基　　金：北京联合大学校级课题:高校特殊教育资源中心对残疾大学生提供支持服务的研究(20210015);中国高等教育学会2022年度高等教育科学研究规划课题:特教学院资源中心助力高等融合教育残疾大学生支持服务的研究(22TS0202)。

摘　　要：《“十四五”特殊教育发展提升行动计划》确立“以适宜融合为目标”的指导思想,对完善各类别、各学段残疾学生教育支持保障提出要求。对于听障学生而言,实现适宜融合目标的基础和前提是了解并采取合适的语言沟通方式。本研究对北京联合大学特殊教育学院连续7个年份入学的在校听障大学生的课堂语言沟通需求开展调查。结果表明,听障大学生最喜欢的课堂语言沟通方式依次是口语加手势汉语、自然手语、口语加文字;在语言理解上对文字理解得最好,然后依次是口语加手势汉语、自然手语;在表达方式上,手势汉语表达水平优于自然手语、口语,这在一定程度上印证了课堂环境下理解、表达与沟通之间的内在关联。据此提出三点政策建议,应加快在校园推广国家通用手语及为有需要的听障学生提供手语服务;应健全全学段听障学生的助听辅具服务和听力言语康复训练服务;加快出台为听障学生提供课堂语音转文字服务的政策,以保证听障学生能够通过准确的文字来获取信息。The Action Plan for the Development and Improvement of Special Education During the 14th Five-Year Plan Period establishes the guiding ideology of“appropriate integration as the goal”,and puts forward urgent requirements for improving the educational support and guarantee conditions for all types and sections of students with disabilities.For hearing-impaired students,the basis and prerequisite for achieving the goal of appropriate integration is to understand and adopt appropriate language communication methods.This study investigated the classroom language communication needs of hearing-impaired college students enrolled in the Special Education College of Beijing Union University for 7 consecutive years,and the survey showed that the most favored classroom language communication methods were speech with signed Chinese,natural sign language and speech with text;the best understood was text,followed by speech with signed Chinese,and natural sign language;the expression level of signed Chinese was better than that of natural sign language and speech,confirming that understanding,expression and communication were internally related in the classroom environment to a certain extent.Therefore,three policy suggestions are put forward:accelerating the promotion of Chinese National Sign Language on campus and providing sign language services for hearing-impaired students in need;improving the hearing aid services and hearing and speech rehabilitation training services for hearing-impaired students in each grade;accelerating the issuance of policies to provide speech-to-text services for hearing-impaired students in the classroom to ensure that they can obtain information through accurate text.

关 键 词：听障大学生 自然手语 手势汉语 口语加手势汉语 课堂语言沟通 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]