传统史学“实录”思想在汉唐间的发展  

The Development of"True Record"Thought in Traditional History between Han and Tang Dynasties

作　　者：赵琪 Zhao Qi

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学社会发展与公共管理学院历史系,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《史学史研究》2023年第4期1-12,共12页Journal of Historiography

摘　　要：两汉时期,“实录”一词藉由对司马迁《史记》的评价而提出,东汉史学家班固在《汉书·司马迁传》中对“实录”思想的内涵做了最早的理论阐述,标志着“实录”思想的正式提出。魏晋南北朝时期,围绕《史记》究竟是“实录”抑或“谤书”的争论屡次出现,由此引出“实录”与“任情”,“实录”与“避讳”两个重要的史学理论问题,而裴松之、刘勰等学者围绕两者的探讨则推动了“实录”思想的丰富。至唐代的刘知幾,在继承前人“实录”思想的基础上,既从理论上回答了“实录”与“任情”及“避讳”的关系问题,又在实践上按照历史书写的逻辑顺序,就史料、文体、撰述等历史书写问题提出具体方法,进而从理论和实践两个方面推动了“实录”思想的发展与成熟。In the Han Dynasty,the term"True Record"was proposed through an evaluation of Sima Qian's SHIJI.Ban Gu,a historian in Eastern Han provided the earliest theoretical explanation of the"True Record"thought in his"Biography of Sima Qian",marking the formal introduction of the thought.During the Wei,Jin,and Northern and Southern Dynasties,there were frequent debates about whether the SHIJI was"credible records"or a"defamatory book",which provided two pairs of important historiographic issues:"True Record"and"Following Emotion","True Record"and"Avoiding Taboo".Scholars such as Pei Songzhi and Liu Xie,provided exploration which promoted the development of the"True Record"thought.In the Tang Dynasty,Liu Zhiji,inheriting the previous thought of"True Record",not only analyzed the relationship between"True Record"and"Fllowing Emotion"and"Avoiding Taboo",but logically proposed specific methods for the issues historical writing,such as historical data,literary styles,and narrative.It further promoted the development of the"True Record"thought.

关 键 词：《史记》 实录 任情 避讳 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]