青少年近视发展的相关风险因素分析  

Analysis of risk factors related to the development of myopia in adolescents

作　　者：张芮 沈丽琴 李鸣 赵乙璇 ZHANG Rui;SHEN Li-qin;LI Ming;ZHAO Yi-xuan(West China School of Public Health,Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第1期65-70,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的对青少年近视发展的相关风险因素进行分析,识别青少年近视发展的危险因素及保护因素,为实施青少年近视发展防控措施提供依据。方法本研究于2021年9月—2022年4月进行调查,采取分层整群抽样方法对成都市某中学集团的初中及高中学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括个人基本情况和近视发展的相关风险因素,共纳入2072个样本数据。应用SAS9.4软件对影响因素进行单因素分析,应用R4.2.3软件对有统计学意义的因素进行多元logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析结果显示有统计学意义(P<0.05)的有性别(χ^(2)=25.56,P<0.001)、年龄(F=62.11,P<0.001)、年级(χ^(2)=192.7,P<0.001)等15个因素。多元logistic回归结果显示15个自变量中,有统计学意义(P<0.05)的是性别、年级、做眼保健操的频率等7个因素,其中保护因素有:每天都做眼保健操、每次进行体育锻炼时长>1.5 h,其OR值(95%CI)分别为0.64(0.42~0.98)、0.52(0.33~0.83);危险因素有:女生(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.20~1.81)、使用电子产品平均每日时长>5~7 h(OR=3.10,95%CI:1.42~6.80)、平均每天写作业时长>3~4 h(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.16~2.12)等因素。结论青少年近视发展的相关风险因素较多,建议实施针对性的防控手段对分析得到的风险因素进行防控。Objective To analyze the risk factors related to the development of adolescent myopia to identify the risk factors and protective factors,to provide basis for implementing prevention and control measures for adolescent myopia.Methods From September 2021 to April 2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted among junior and senior high school students in a middle school group in Chengdu by stratified cluster sampling,including personal basic information and risk factors related to the development of myopia.A total of 2072 participants were included.SAS9.4 software was used for univariate analysis,and R4.2.3 software was used to analyze the statistically significant factors using multiple logistic regression.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that there were 15 factors including sex(χ^(2)=25.56,P<0.001),age(F=62.11,P<0.001),and grade(χ^(2)=192.7,P<0.001)were significantly associated with myopia.The results of multiple logistic regression showed that among the 15 independent variables,seven variables including gender,grade,and frequency of doing eye exercises were statistically significant.The protective factors included doing eye exercises every day(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.42-0.98)and doing physical exercise for more than 1.5 hours(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.33-0.83).The risk factors included female students(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.20-1.81),average daily time of using electronic products>5 hours to 7 hours(OR=3.10,95%CI:1.42-6.80),and average time of doing homework per day>3 hours to 4 hours(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.16-2.12).Conclusion There are multiple risk factors related to the development of adolescent myopia.It is suggested to implement targeted prevention and control measures to prevent and control the risk factors.

关 键 词：青少年 近视 风险因素 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]