美国博士生教学能力培养课程的特征与启示——明尼苏达大学“未来师资准备项目”案例分析  

The Characteristics and Inspiration of the Curriculum for Cultivating Doctoral Students Teaching Ability in the United States——A Case Study Based on the“Preparing Future Faculty at the University of Minnesota”Project

作　　者：张凌云[1] 王妍 ZHANG Lingyun;WANG Yan

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学高教发展研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [2]广州南方学院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2024年第1期109-118,I0007,共11页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目“基于博士生学术成长的跨学科培养模式改革研究”(19YJA880080)。

摘　　要：无论为了促进博士生学术成长,还是为博士生的学术职业生涯做准备,亦或是为了确保本科教育的质量,都有必要对博士生进行教学能力的培养。美国明尼苏达大学“未来师资准备项目”的开展主要以课程为依托,包括基于基本教学能力培养的核心课程和面向未来教师发展的选修课程,并将“以学生为中心”作为课程设计原则,基于博士生教学能力生成逻辑组织课程结构,将“情境化的实践与反思”嵌入课程实施,注重多元学习共同体的构建和重视博士生个人教学理念的形成。分析该案例,可为中国博士生教学能力培养提供一些启示:正视并重视博士生教学能力;根据高校自身特色和博士生培养现状,基于博士生教学能力培养的具体目标,制定系统的个性的培养计划;重视教学能力培养的课程建设。In order to prepare doctoral students for their academic career and ensure the quality of undergraduate education,it is necessary to cultivate their teaching abilities.The“Preparing Future Faculty at the University of Minnesota”Project aims to build a curriculum system for cultivating doctoral students'teaching abilities,including core courses based on basic teaching abilities and elective courses for future teacher development by taking“student-centered”as the principle of curriculum design,organizing the curriculum structure based on the generation of doctoral teaching abilities,embedding“contextualized practice and reflection”into the curriculum implementation,emphasizing the construction of a diverse learning community and the formation of personal teaching ideal for doctoral students.Through case analysis,some insights can be provided for the cultivation of doctoral students'teaching abilities in China:facing up to and valuing the teaching ability of doctoral students;developing a systematic and personalized training plan based on the characteristics of universities and the current situation of doctoral student training,and on the specific goals of cultivating doctoral teaching abilities;emphasizing the curriculum construction for the cultivation of teaching abilities.

关 键 词：美国博士生教育 未来师资准备 教学能力 课程建设 教师教育 职业生涯 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]