竹笋加工废弃物营养成分研究利用现状及展望  

Current Situation and Prospect of Study and Utilization of Nutrients in Bamboo Shoot Processing Waste

作　　者：邵琼 李雯 郭帆 卞方圆 杨慧敏 SHAO Qiong;LI Wen;GUO Fan;BIAN Fang-yuan;YANG Hui-min(China National Bamboo Research Center,Hangzhou 310012,Zhejiang,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Bamboo Forest Ecology and Resource Utilization,Hangzhou 310012,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心,浙江杭州310012 [2]竹林生态与资源利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《竹子学报》2023年第4期31-36,共6页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(LTGN23C200001)。

摘　　要：【目的】竹笋作为高纤低脂的森林食品,越来越受到人们的喜爱。而竹笋加工过程产生的大量废弃物长期以来未能得到产业化的资源再利用。【方法】该文综述了当前国内外竹笋加工废弃物(笋头、笋壳、笋衣、加工废液)所含的营养成分按大分子营养物质(如膳食纤维、多糖、蛋白、肽等)和小分子营养物质(如多酚、黄酮、甾醇、牡荆苷等)的研究和利用情况。【结果】竹笋加工废弃物中的笋头和笋壳中含有丰富的膳食纤维、蛋白质和氨基酸,其中笋壳中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量均分别高于笋肉、笋头等其他部位。同时,笋壳中富含酚类、类黄酮等具有降血糖、抗菌以及抗炎的活性功能成分,笋头和笋壳是植物甾醇研究和开发的优良资源,黄酮类化合物进行分离纯化可得到槲皮素、芦丁、牡荆苷等物质。【结论】竹笋加工废弃物中营养成分丰富,可资源化利用潜力十分巨大。为探究竹笋加工废弃物循环再利用的价值,该文提出了未来研究的展望,为竹笋资源深加工、功能性竹笋食品开发提供参考。【Objective】As a high-fiber and low-fat forest food,bamboo shoots are increasingly favored by people.However,a large amount of waste generated during the processing of bamboo shoots has long failed to be recycled industrially.【Method】In this paper,the current research and utilization of macromolecular nutrients(such as dietary fiber,polysaccharide,protein,peptide,etc.)and small molecular nutrients(such as polyphenols,flavonoids,sterols,vitexin,etc.)contained in bamboo shoot processing waste(basal part of bamboo shoots,bamboo shoot shell,edible young shoot sheath,waste liquid)were reviewed at home and abroad.【Result】The basal parts and shells of bamboo shoots contain rich dietary fiber,protein,amino acid.The contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids in bamboo shoots are higher than those in other parts.Meanwhile,bamboo shoot shells are rich in phenols,flavonoids and other active functional components with hypoglycaemia,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.The basal parts and shells of bamboo shoots are excellent resources for the research and development of phytosterols.Quercetin,rutin and vitexin can be obtained by the separation and purification of flavonoids.【Conclusion】The waste from bamboo shoot processing is rich in nutrients with great potentials to be utilized as resources.In order to explore the value of waste recycling during bamboo shoot processing,this paper puts forward the prospect of future research,so as to provide more references for in-depth bamboo shoot processing and development of functional bamboo shoot food.

关 键 词：竹笋 废弃物 营养成分 利用 展望 

分 类 号：TS209[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]